Bryophyta Flashcards
Bryophyta
They are terrestrial plants but are known as …. as they require water for …
They include: …, … and ….
Common examples: (4 points)
Bryophyta
They are terrestrial plants but are known as AMPHIBIANS OF THE PLANT KINGDOM as they require water for sexual reproduction.
They include: Mosses, Hornworts and Liverworts
Common examples: Marchantia, Funaria, Sphagnum, Antheoceros
Classification Of Bryophytes
They are …. plants and some mosses have …. that conduct water and food; and these …. are called …
They are present in …. and …. places
They do not have ….
The plant body has …, … and … structures(they lack ….)
The leaf surfaces of these plants have …
They show … distinct and well-defined …. of ….
Gametophyte is … and it produces … while Sporophyte is …. and it produces ….
The haploid generation alternates with …. generation and this is known as …..
Classification Of Bryophytes
They are primitive plants and some mosses have primitive system of tubes that conduct water and food; and these tube-system are called Leptoids
They are present in moist and shady places
They do not have vascular tissues
The plant body has root-like, stem-like and leaf-like structures(they lack true roots, stems and leaves)
The leaf surfaces of these plants have cuticle
They show two distinct and well-defined faces of life cycle.
Gametophyte is haploid and it produces gametes while Sporophyte is diploid and it produces Spores.
The haploid generation alternates with diploid genetic generation and this is known as Alternation Of Generation
Morphology Of Bryophytes
Bryophyta (Mosses)
Hepatophyta (Liverworts)
Anthocerotophyta (Hornworts)
Bryophyta (Mosses)
They are the most … of the … morphologies.
An example is …
…. are members of the … class of Bryophytes and this can also be subdivided into … subclasses:
Bryophyta (Mosses)
They are the most advanced of the 3 morphologies.
An example is Moss
Mosses are members of the largest class of Bryophytes and this can also be subdivided into other subclasses:
1. Sphagnidae(Reat Mosses)
2. Andreaidae(Rock Mosses)
3. Bryidae(True Mosses)
Example Of Mosses: …
External Characteristics Of …
1. It is a very … moss and … distributed
2. The adult … is the most …. form; and it consists of a main …. bearing … and which are arranged …
Example Of Mosses: Funaria
External Characteristics Of Funaria
1. It is a very common moss and widely distributed
2. The adult gametophyte is the most conspicuous form; and it consists of a main erect axis bearing leaves and which are arranged spirally
…. (Liverworts)
The …. are usually …. to the ground.
There are … types of liverworts namely;
1. … Liverworts (….): It is … with … and … surfaces
2. … Liverworts: It is … into … and … structure
Leaves in liverworts are without …. and grow on …. or … that are …
Examples include: … and …
Hepatophyta (Liverworts)
The gametophytes are usually close to the ground.
There are 2 types of liverworts namely;
1. Thalloid Liverworts (Gametophytes): It is dorsi-ventral with upper and lower surfaces
2. Leafy Liverworts: It is differentiated into leaf-like and stem-like structure
Leaves in liverworts are without midribs and grow on moist grounds or rocks that are wet.
Examples include: Marchantia and Riccia
Similarities Between Bryophytes and Pteridophytes
- Liverworts and Pteridophytes show similarity in the … of ….
- Their female and male reproductive structures are … & …. respectively
- The opening of mature …. and the subsequent …. are conditioned by the …..
- They usually show a … and clearly …. of …. and the two …. follow each other in …
- Spores arise in the … manner in both …
- Development of … occurs in the ….
- The young … or … is partially … upon the …
Similarities Between Bryophytes and Pteridophytes
- Liverworts and Pteridophytes show similarity in the vegetative structure of gametophyte.
- Their female and male reproductive structures are Archegonium & Antheridium respectively
- The opening of mature sexual reproductive organs and the subsequent fertilization are conditioned by the presence of water.
- They usually show a distinct in and clearly defined heteromorphic alternation of generation and the two generations follow each other in regular succession
- Spores arise in the same manner in both groups
- Development of embryo occurs in the Archegonium
- The young sporophyte or embryo is partially parasitic upon the gametophyte
Marchantia
It belongs to the family ….
The gametophyte bears … on …. called …
It grows in …. places along with …. at times. In most cases, it is … in colour
Marchantia
It belongs to the family Marchantiaceae.
The gametophyte bears Archegonia on vertical stalk receptacle called Archegoniophore.
It grows in cool moist places along with Mosses at times. In most cases, it is deep green in colour
Adaptation Of Bryophytes
Bryophytes are … to the soil by … small .. called …
Its … to the soil, rock or the … is as a function of its …
Rhizoids are … and … in … but … and … in ….
They (…) fix the … to the soil and … and … from the … for the …
Adaptation Of Bryophytes
Bryophytes are fixed to the soil by thread-like small structures called Rhizoids
Its attachment to the soil, rock or the wall of its substrate is as a function of its Rhizoids
Rhizoids are unicellular and unbranched in Liverworts but multicellular and branched in Mosses.
They (Rhizoids) fix the bryophyte to the soil and absorb water and minerals from the soil for the bryophyte
