Angiosperms Flashcards
Classification Of Orange//Rice
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Anthophyta or Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida//Liliopsida
Order: Rutales//Poalaes
Family: Rutaceae//Poaceae
Genus: Citrus//Oryza
Species: Sinensis//Sativa
Classes Of Angiosperms
A. Monocotyledonae(Liliopsida)
B. Dicotyledonae(Magnoliopsida)
A. Monocotyledonae(…)
… cotyledons in seed
…, …. leaves
Stem type: …
… leaf veins
… leaf parts(sometimes …)
a. …(Leaf)
b. …. : …
c. …. - …
d. … - ….
Flower parts usually comes in units of … (…)
Grass flowers(among …) are often … & …
a. … or not showing … or …
… root system
One cotyledons in seed
Long, grass-like leaves
Stem type: Herbaceous
Parallel leaf veins
Two leaf parts(sometimes 3)
a. Blade(leaf)
b. Sheath: Covers stem
c. Ligule - keeps water from between stem and sheath
d. Auricle-Forms a collar at the base of the blade
Flower parts usually comes in units of three (Triamerous)
Grass flowers(among monocots) are often incomplete & inconspicuous
a. Lacking or not showing sepals or petals
Fibrous root system
B. Dicotyledons (…)
… cotyledons in seed
… leaf plants
Stem type: … or …
… leaf veins- …&…
… leaf parts(sometimes …)
a. …(leaf)
b. …-…(attaches to the …) & …(direct …)
c. …. - at ….
… parts usually comes in units of … or …
…. system with … or … …. roots from which … roots develop
Functions Of Petiole include:
B. Dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida)
Two cotyledons in seed
Broad leaf plants
Stem type: Herbaceous or Woody
Net like leaf veins- xylem&phloem
Two leaf parts(sometimes 3)
a. Blade(leaf)
b. Petiole-Pelate(attaches to the middle) & sessile(direct attachment)
c. Stipule - at base of petiole
Flower parts usually comes in units of four or five
Taproot system with one or more primary roots from which secondary roots develop
Functions Of Petiole
1. Extends the leaf
2. Allows the leaf to move
Angiosperm means …
Probably arose from ….
It has an improved …(… & …) which is …
Reproductive …. is ….
They have … with …; and have ….
They are the most …. plants in the world found in all …
About …. species(…% of plant kingdom)
They are the most … and … plants on Earth.
Angiosperm means Covered Seed
Probably arose from gymnosperms
It has an improved vascular system(vessels & companion cells) which is vegetative
Reproductive organ is flowers
They have fruits with seeds; and have dispersal adaptations
They are the most dominant plants in the world found in all habitat
About 260,000 species(88% of plant kingdom)
They are the most successful and advanced plants on Earth.
Evolution Of Roots, Stems, Leaves and Flower
The underground parts developed into …., specialized for … through …
The parts above the ground develops into … , adapted for … and absorbing … from …
Vascular tissue became ….: Xylem for …, phloem for ….
Extensive growth of … and …. became possible due to the … of cell walls afforded by ….
Stems and leaves are covered by … to minimize water …; … was controlled by …. (….)
The flowers become … and their spores become …
Evolution Of Roots, Stems, Leaves and Flower
The underground parts developed into root systems, specialized for absorption of water and minerals through extensive cylindrical tubes
The parts above the ground develops into shoot systems, adapted for exploiting sunlight and absorbing carbon dioxide from the air.
Vascular tissue became increasingly extensive: Xylem for conducting water and minerals, phloem for products of photosynthesis
Extensive growth of stems and branches became possible due to the strengthening of cell walls afforded by deposits of lignin.
Stems and leaves are covered by cuticle to minimize water loss; evaporation was controlled by opening and closing of stomata (openings)
The flowers become conspicuous and their spores become heterosporous
Flower Structure And Physiology
A. Major Taxonomic Components
1. …
2. Numbers - …, …, …, Pistils (.., … & …)
3. Free or … sepals & …(… & …)
B. Phenomena associated with flower induction
1. ….
a. Day-neutral plants: ….
b. Long-day plants: … (…, … and …)
c. Short-day plants: … (…, …, …)
- … - …
- … - …
Flower Structure And Physiology
A. Major Taxonomic Components
1. Symmetry
2. Numbers - Sepals, Petals, Stamen, Pistils (Stigma, Style & Ovary)
3. Free or united sepals & petals(Gamosepalous & Synsepalous)
B. Phenomena associated with flower induction
1. Photoperiodism
a. Day-neutral plants: flower independently of day length
b. Long-day plants: Flower in response to short nights(Corn, Wheat and Clover)
c. Short-day plants: flower in response to long nights(Poinsettia, Christmas Clock, Chrysanthemum)
- Circadian Rhythm - Biological Clock
- Vernalization - Cold Treatment
Male Stamen
• …: Produces pollen
• Pollen: …
Female Carpel (…. part)
• Ovary- within the … … gametophyte; becomes … when fertilized
• Stigma- …, collects …
Male Stamen
• Anther: Produces pollen
• Pollen: Male gametophyte
Female Carpel (Innermost part)
• Ovary- within the base. Female gametophyte; becomes fruit when fertilized
• Stigma- Sticky tip, collects pollen
Specific Reproductive Advances
A. Increase in … generation; less …
1. When …, less effort is made towards …
B. … Of Ovules
1. Leaves …
2. Carpel walls (…) mature into ….
3. …
C. … Fertilization
Specific Reproductive Advances
A. Increase in sporophytic generation; less gametophytic
1. When unfertilized, less effort is made towards reproductive structures
B. Enclosure Of Ovules
1. Leaves fold and join at the margins to form carpels
2. Carpel walls (fruit walls) mature into a structure that aids in seed dispersal
3. Protection
C. Double Fertilization
Angiosperms Life Cycle
Flowering plants exhibit …
The large, …, flowering plants is the …, while the … sporophyte stages are ….
The unique feature about the life cycle of flowering plants is a … that produces a … and a … or …
Angiosperms Life Cycle
Flowering plants exhibit alternation of generations.
The large familiar flowering plants is the diploid sporophyte, while the haploid sporophyte stages are microscopic
The unique feature about the life cycle of flowering plants is a double fertilization that produces a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm or nutritive tissue
Variations In Floral Structure
A. Completeness Of …
1. … Flower: Has all … sets of … leaves
2. … Flower: Lacks … or more of the …
Variations In Floral Structure
A. Completeness Of Flower
1. Complete Flower: Has all four sets of floral leaves
2. Incomplete Flower: Lacks one or more of the four sets
Variations In Floral Structure
D. …. Position
1. Superior …: Gynoecium (….) is … perianth and … (….)
2. Inferior …: … appears to be … the .. and …
Variations In Floral Structure
D. Ovary Position
1. Superior Ovary: Gynoecium (female stuff) is above perianth and androecium (other stuff)
2. Inferior Ovary: Ovary appears to be below the perianth and stamens
Variations In Floral Structure
B. … of Flower
1. …: Has both .. (…) and … (…) parts
a) If observed in whole plant, referred to as ….
2. ..: Lacks either the …. or … part
a) If observed in whole plant, referred to as …
Variations In Floral Structure
B. Perfectness of Flower
1. Perfect: Has both male (staminate) and female(pistillate) parts
a) If observed in whole plant, referred to as monoecious
2. Imperfect: Lacks either the male or female part
a) If observed in whole plant, referred to as dioecious
Variations In Floral Structure
C. …. Of Flower
1. Regular or …: Petals are of similar … and radiate from … of the …
- …: Parts arranged so that … can be divided into … equal parts
- Irregular
a. Whorls with … flower parts
b. Parts do not … from ..
c. Parts not … from …
Variations In Floral Structure
C. Symmetry Of Flower
1. Regular or Radial: Petals are of similar shape and radiate from center of the flower.
- Bilateral: Parts arranged so that perianth can be divided into two equal parts
- Irregular
a. Whorls with dissimilar flower parts
b. Parts do not radiate from center
c. Parts not equidistant from each other
Reproductive Structure Of Flowering Plants
• Sepals: - … ring of leaves & For …
• Petals: … ring of leaves & … to attract …
** Open … and sepals reveal .. and … structures
Reproductive Structure Of Flowering Plants
• Sepals: - Outer ring of leaves & For Protection
• Petals: Inner ring of leaves & Brightly coloured to attract pollinators
** Open petals and sepals reveal male and female structures
