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PMCOL 305 > Stuff i cant remember > Flashcards

Stuff i cant remember Flashcards

1
Q

where does the reward circuit originiate

A

forebrain

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2
Q

what are the functions of the PFC

A

Problem solving
Personality
Planning
Learning
Executive function
Self-awareness
Social behaviour
Memory
Decision making

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3
Q

what are the functions of the amy

A

Emotion
Learning
Memory
Reward
Arousal
Stress
Attention

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4
Q

what are the functions of the CN

A

Voluntary motion
Pain
Learning
Memory
Sleep
Social behaviour

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5
Q

what are the functions of the LC?

A

Memory
Arousal
Cognition
Emotion
Attention
Sleep
Stress

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6
Q

What are the functions of the RN?

A

Pain
Memory
Appetite
Aggression
Anxiety
Sleep
Temperature
Emotion
Memory

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7
Q

how do you measure impulsivity

A

self-reports
behavioural scores
electrophysiology

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8
Q

deficient ___- results in an inability to override thoughts that lead to actions

A

frontostriatal cognitive control

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9
Q

how are the long-term changes in neural rewiring faciliated?

A

molecular signaling and transcriptional changes

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10
Q

what are the 2 catecholamine NTs

A

NE and DA

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11
Q

what NT do receptors on VTA-DAergic neurons respond to?

A

ACh

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12
Q

which NT is central to learning/memory PFC circuits

A

ACh

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13
Q

which NT is most major in cue-triggered relapse ?

A

Glu

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14
Q

what method allows you to measure neurotransmitter levels in specific nuclei

A

microdialysis

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15
Q

what activates NMDARs

A

Glu and Ser/Gly

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16
Q

what kind of G protein receptors are Group I glutamate receptors

A

Gq

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17
Q

what kind of G protein receptors are Group II/III glutamate receptors

A

Gi

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18
Q

what are the 4 terms describing LTP action?
what is meant by each one

A

specificity - sites of LTP confined to a specific site
associativity - strong stimulation at one pathway will induce LTP for weak pathways at the same site
cooperativity - many weak stimuli can induce LTP
persistence - potentiation can last minutes, weeks, months

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19
Q

what are the changes dependent on in LTP/LTD

A

ACTIVITY by can be structural

20
Q

in the dopamine prediction error, how do DA-ergic neurons behave when the reward is predicatble

A

no longer triggered, learning ceases

21
Q

what kind of responses does NE activate?

A

sympathetic

22
Q

where do the 5-HT inputs go from and to where?

A

RN to VTA and NAc

23
Q

what kind of responses does ACh innervate

A

parasympathetic

24
Q

which enzyme synthesizes dopamine

A

tyrosine hydroxylase

25
Q

what scan is best used for seeing receptor level expression

A

PET scan

26
Q

what is the biopsychosocial model of addiction

A

ties together biology, psychology, and social interaction

27
Q

what factors affect diffusion?

A

pH polarity and size

28
Q

What is the onset for inhalation, injection insufflation, and ingestion

A

7-10 s
10-20 s
10-45 min
20-45 min

29
Q

what is the duration for inhalation, injection, insufflation, and ingestion

A

2-4 hours
2-4 hours
5-8 hours
6+ hours

30
Q

what is the onset and duration of insufflation of cocaine

A

3-5 minutes
30-40 minutes

31
Q

what is the onset and duration of inhalaled crack

A

6-10 seconds
5-30 minutes

32
Q

what is the onset and duration of injected coke

A

10-15 seconds
10-20 minutes

33
Q

what is byproduct of burning cocaine

A

methylecgonidine

34
Q

what is generated when alcohol is taken with cocaine

A

cocaethytlene

35
Q

where is cocaine distributed

A

brain kidney spleen

36
Q

how does cocaine affect the blood vessels

A

constrict

37
Q

which area is responsible for the repetitivr compulsive movements from cocaine

A

basal ganglia

38
Q

which area of the brain can result in respiratory and circulatory failure from cocaine

A

medulla

39
Q

where is the DA excess after cocaine use

A

PFC VTA NAc and basal ganglia

40
Q

how does cocaine affect the VTA with respect to sensitivty

A

enhances its sensitivity to Glu and reward

41
Q

what excess regulates mood sleep appetite and temperature after using cocaine

A

5-HT

42
Q

cardiovascular effects from cocaine are due to block of ____ and____ reuptake

A

NE & EP

43
Q

what is induced as a result of the altered opioidergic signalling

A

striatal dynorphin expression

44
Q

what does reverse tolerance cause (cocaine)

A

increased susceptibility to hyperthermia, convulsions

45
Q

are the symptoms of dependence of cocaine more physical or psychological

A

psychological

46
Q

how does benzos treat acuse cocaine intoxication

A

decrease BP and other heart effects by decreasing NT release

47
Q

how does nitroglycerine treat acute cocaine intoxication

A

evokes NO production which counteracts vasoconstrictive effects

PMCOL 305 (19 decks)

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