16. Sedatives and hypnotics Flashcards
Which are more lipid soluble benzoate or barbituarar
Barbs
Half life of midazolam
2
Half life of diazepam
100
Where do benzos bind
Alpaca and gamma
Benzos vs barb receptor binding
Benzos = Allosteric that increase chloride channel opening
Barb = enhancr affinity and increase time that is is open
How does sedatives affect sleep
Total sleep time increased
REM sleep and resorative deep sleep reduced
How are overdoses treated
Flumazenil
How does tolerance work
Sedative and hypotonic
Slowly to anxiolytic
None for resp depression
How does GHB work
Agonist at GABA b precursor of GABA, GLU, GLY
what are z drugs
orexin antagonists, anti histamines, melatonin agonists
which drugs used for anesthesia
thiopental, midazolam, triazolam
which drugs are hypnotics used for sleeping
zopiclone, zolpidem
within the sedative class how are barbees and benzos categorized
duration of action
how are longer acting sedatives used
muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, axiolytics
how are shorter acting sedatives used
pre anesthetics or insomnia
which has a slower onset of aciton
benzos
are benzos and barbs bound to plasma proteins
yes
do benzos sand barbs cross placenta
yes
how are sedatives metabolized
CYP450
what active metabolite does diazepam produce
chlordiazepoxide
how many half lives for elimination
4-5
where does GABA bind
between alpha and beta
where are GABA with benzo binding sites located
limbic system, RAS, cortex
do receptors that control respiration have benzo sites
nah
which subunit is associated with short term memory
alpha
