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PMCOL 305 > ecstasy > Flashcards

ecstasy Flashcards

1
Q

where was MDMA first synthezised and by whom and when

A

1912, Merck, Kollish

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2
Q

who first published testing of MDMA. where and when

A

1960, DOW chemicals, Alexander Shulgin

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3
Q

where can MDMA be extracted from?

A

ocotea pretiosa
sassafras albidum
cinnamomum parthenoxylon

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4
Q

how must safrole does sassafras essential oile contrain

A

75-85%

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5
Q

how does ecstacy have a shifted stimulant effect

A

methylenedioxy ring

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6
Q

where is MDMA distributed

A

brain lungs liver spleen kidney

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7
Q

how long is the onset for MDMA

A

30-45 min

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8
Q

what is the TI for MDMA

A

14-16

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9
Q

what is the half life of MDMA`

A

6 hours

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10
Q

how long does the high last for MDMA

A

2-3 hours

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11
Q

how is MDMA degraded & how much of it is degraded in this way

A

cyp2D6 80%

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12
Q

how is MDMA excreted

A

kidney 20%

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13
Q

what are the sympathomimetic effects of MDMA

A

increased heart rate and hyperthermia and diaphoreiss

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14
Q

MDMA actions at which receptor cause bruxism and increased locomotion

A

5HT1B/2 agonist

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15
Q

how does MDMA reverse 5HT transporters

A

trace amino associated receptor-mediated phosphorylation

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16
Q

how does MDMA act at NE and DA transporters

A

blocks them

17
Q

where is 5HT released after taking MDMA

A

NAc and VTA

18
Q

where is DA released after taking MDMA

A

NAc

19
Q

blocking which receptor will inhibit 5HT release

A

5HT2B

20
Q

what are the 3 other chemicals that MDMA increases

A

DA, cortisol, prolactin/oxytocin

21
Q

what is the shift in brain activity after taking MDMA

A

ventral striatum not amygdala

22
Q

actions at which receptors cause the sympathomimetic effects of MDMA

A

adrenergic

23
Q

actions at which receptors cause hyperthermia

A

adrenergic

24
Q

actions at which receptors cause ACh release

A

histamine type I

25
Q

actions at which receptors cause EPSPs

A

histamine type I

26
Q

which receptor causes NT release

A

alpha7 nAChR

27
Q

how does MDMA cause tolerance

A

decrease in 5HT transporters and depletion of neurotransmitters

28
Q

how does MDMA cause withdrawal

A

inability to thermoregulate (suicide tuesdays)

29
Q

how does MDMA cause dependence

A

psychological not physical

30
Q

what underlies the low addiction risk of MDMA

A

biased agonism at 5HT2C

31
Q

what are symptoms of 5HT syndrome

A

increased HR BP muscle rigidity, hyperdiaphoresis, delirium

32
Q

what combination can reduce effects of MDMA

A

SSRI

33
Q

where does MDMA increase DA after acting on the D1 receptor

A

preoptic anterior hypothalamus

34
Q

which receptor antagonist abrogated the increase in temperature

A

D1

35
Q

what is another danger of acute MDMA use

A

hyponatermia

36
Q

what can hyponatremia result in

A

cerebral edema, vomiting, and respiratory arrest

PMCOL 305 (19 decks)

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