ecstasy Flashcards
where was MDMA first synthezised and by whom and when
1912, Merck, Kollish
who first published testing of MDMA. where and when
1960, DOW chemicals, Alexander Shulgin
where can MDMA be extracted from?
ocotea pretiosa
sassafras albidum
cinnamomum parthenoxylon
how must safrole does sassafras essential oile contrain
75-85%
how does ecstacy have a shifted stimulant effect
methylenedioxy ring
where is MDMA distributed
brain lungs liver spleen kidney
how long is the onset for MDMA
30-45 min
what is the TI for MDMA
14-16
what is the half life of MDMA`
6 hours
how long does the high last for MDMA
2-3 hours
how is MDMA degraded & how much of it is degraded in this way
cyp2D6 80%
how is MDMA excreted
kidney 20%
what are the sympathomimetic effects of MDMA
increased heart rate and hyperthermia and diaphoreiss
MDMA actions at which receptor cause bruxism and increased locomotion
5HT1B/2 agonist
how does MDMA reverse 5HT transporters
trace amino associated receptor-mediated phosphorylation
how does MDMA act at NE and DA transporters
blocks them
where is 5HT released after taking MDMA
NAc and VTA
where is DA released after taking MDMA
NAc
blocking which receptor will inhibit 5HT release
5HT2B
what are the 3 other chemicals that MDMA increases
DA, cortisol, prolactin/oxytocin
what is the shift in brain activity after taking MDMA
ventral striatum not amygdala
actions at which receptors cause the sympathomimetic effects of MDMA
adrenergic
actions at which receptors cause hyperthermia
adrenergic
actions at which receptors cause ACh release
histamine type I
actions at which receptors cause EPSPs
histamine type I
which receptor causes NT release
alpha7 nAChR
how does MDMA cause tolerance
decrease in 5HT transporters and depletion of neurotransmitters
how does MDMA cause withdrawal
inability to thermoregulate (suicide tuesdays)
how does MDMA cause dependence
psychological not physical
what underlies the low addiction risk of MDMA
biased agonism at 5HT2C
what are symptoms of 5HT syndrome
increased HR BP muscle rigidity, hyperdiaphoresis, delirium
what combination can reduce effects of MDMA
SSRI
where does MDMA increase DA after acting on the D1 receptor
preoptic anterior hypothalamus
which receptor antagonist abrogated the increase in temperature
D1
what is another danger of acute MDMA use
hyponatermia
what can hyponatremia result in
cerebral edema, vomiting, and respiratory arrest
