alcohol Flashcards
what is toxic to yeast
15% ethanol
how much ethanol does 1 oz contain
23.3 g
how many ounces are in a standard drink
0.6 oz
how does alcohol affect anti diuretic hormone
decrease
what causes vasocdilation
autonomic brainstem nuclei
how does ethanol affect neuronal activity
slows
what are the affected NTs by ethanol
GABA Glutamate Dopamin and others
describe the % metabolism of ethanol
90% liver
2% excreted
3% stomach
5% other
what kind of kinetics describe ethanol metabolism
0 order
how does EtOH cause the spins
permeates endolymph and cupula
diffuses out of the cupula first
activates sensory fibres
which pathway is driven by ACh activity
septohippocampal
which neurons are susceptible to neuron damage?
hippocampal dentate gyrus
what is in antifreeze
glycolic and oxalic acid
what does anti freeze cause
stupor/ coma hyperventilation/arrythmia/lung edema
what is in methanol
formaldehyde and formic acid
how do you treat methanol poisoning ?
ethanol fomepizole
who proposed lipid theory
meyer-overton
where must EtOH be applied to increase DA-ergic firing frequency
VTA not NAc1
which GABA subunits are especially senstivie to EtOH action?
sigma
where are the glu-ergic inputs to the vta from
PFC AND RN
WHERE are the GABA-ergic inputs to the vta from?
NAc
what superfamily do GABA receptors belong to?
cys-loop ligand-gated channel
what is the makeup of GABA receptors
heteropentameric
how many possible subunits for GABA
19
which NR subunits are less sensitive to EtOH
NR1/2C
how many NR1 splice variants are there in humans
8
how many different types of NRs are there
1 NR1, 4 NR2, 2 NR3
where does VTA receive opioidergic input from
arcurate nucleus of the hypothalamus
what causes phasic firing of VTA to NAc
decreased Glu and increased opioid
