13. Methotropics Flashcards
how are new chemicals identified and used for pharmacological activity
extraction, purification, prediction, characterization
what series must new psychoactive chemicals pass?
aminal behavior. physiological measures, biochemical analysis
how is caffeine metabolized
theobromine, theophylline, paraxanthine
what is a chlorogenic aid
induce liver eznymes phase II transferases GST
what is dihydrocaffic acid
anti inflammatory with vascular benefits, NO
what is kahweol and cafestrol
diterpenes , phase II enzymes, anti-stress, but increase cholesterol
3 medical uses of caffeine
respiratory stimulation, asthma, migraines
how is caffeine used as a respiratory stimulatir
PDE4 inhibtion, increases cAMP in PrebottC
why is caffeine used for migraines
reduce cranial blood flow
why is caffeine used for asthma
bronchodilator
what is the most common psychoactive drug
caffeine
how is caffeine excreted
kidney
does caffeine undergo first pass metabolism
no
what are the actions of paraxanthine
increases blood glycerol and fatty acids lipolysis
what are the actions of theobromine
increase urine, vasocilator
what are the actions of theophylline
smooth muscle relaxation, inhibit PDE, increase cAMP
what are the targets of xanthines
Adenosine inhibitor, PDE antagonist, Ca and GABA
where are adenosine receptors usually found
presynaptic
what are the two main adenosine receptor tagrets of caffine
A1 and A2a
what are the two main adenosine receptor tagrets of caffine
A1 and A2a
how does A1 work
decrease AC, decrease cAMP, decrease NT, reward hippocsampus
how does A2A work
increase AC, increase cAMP, increase NT, GABA DA-ERGIC
what are the common receptor pairs
2A2a + 2D2 and A1 +a2a
how does low dose vs high dose caffeine affect the heart
low = decrease
high= increase
which NT are affected by caffeine
NE, glu, DA
how are longterm users affected in terms of HR and BP
less
how does caffeine affect the kidney
diuretic
how does caffeine affects on PDE affect cAMP
increase cAMP
describe effects on smooth muscle caused by PDE inhibition
vasodilation in periphery but central vasocontraction
how does caffeine affect ca
increase , increase workcapacity by nuscle
how is caffeine reinforced
DA and Glu in Nac by blocking A1
what kind of receptor is A1
GI/o
describe wakefulness by GABA systerms
stimukation of A2a triggers GABA which inhibits wakefulness
caffeine inhibits these GABA
describe the relationship between caffeine and parkinsons
inverse
WHAT ARE the two cyp1a2 polymorphisms
1A and 1F
which CYP polymorphism is fast vs slow
1A is fast, 1F is slow
how many copies of fast and slow
2 fast, at least one slow
who shows the most dose depdent risk of caffeine
slow
which affects does tolerance develop for
CARDIOM, RESP, SLEEP BUT NOT MOOD
HOW DOES caffeiune cause osteoporsosis
increaed ca elimnination
how can adenosine atangonist be anti-depressants
regulating synaptic NT
what is a nootopric
perofmance enhancer
HOW DOES caffeine effect memory
BDNF and trkb in hippo
how is taurine anxiolytic
glycine activation and increased IPSP
