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PMCOL 305 > inhalants > Flashcards

inhalants Flashcards

1
Q

what are inhalants mixtures of?

A

several lipophillic chemicals

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2
Q

what is the concentration of inhalants in the blood

A

150-200

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3
Q

what is the concentration of inhalants in the brain

A

100-900

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4
Q

which gases are exhaled

A

volatile substances (gases under standard conditions) ex) propane, butane

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5
Q

how do inhalants affect blood pH at higher doses?

A

acidosis, reduce blood pH`

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6
Q

where are inhalants distributed

A

brain liver

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7
Q

how long is the onset for inhalants?

A

10 seconds

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8
Q

what enzyme metabolizes inhalants?

A

CYP2E1

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9
Q

what is the duration of metabolism of inhalants?`

A

15-120 min`

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10
Q

how are inhalants excreted?

A

kidneys and breath

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11
Q

describe the biphasic activity of inhalants

A

15-45 min then 1-2 hours
1. euphoria, disinhibition, dizziness
2. drowsiness, disorientation, headache

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12
Q

how does toluene cause reward

A

vta to NAc reward pathway

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13
Q

what are the motor effects of inhalants regulated by?

A

GABA in caudate putamen

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14
Q

how does toluene behave towards GABA and glycine

A

potentiates

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15
Q

how does toluene behave towards NMDA glu and nAChRs

A

inhibit

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16
Q

what the other actions that toluene partipcates in

A

Ca signalling, G-proteins

17
Q

which NMDA receptor is most sensistive to toluene

A

2B

18
Q

which neurons are insensitive to ACh in the presence of toluene

A

cultured hippocampal

19
Q

which nAChRs are most sensitive to toluene

A

beta 2

20
Q

what causes the cardiac dysrhythmias associated with toluene intoxication

A

inhibited inactivaation of Na anf Ca channel

21
Q

what is prolonged by toluene causing dysrhythmia?

A

QTc > 480 ms

22
Q

how long does it take NMDA receptor subunit composition to change

A

4 days

23
Q

which regions experience neuronal death in hippocampus after 40 days of 200ppm toluene

A

CA1 and CA3

24
Q

which brain regions are damaged by toluene

A

basal ganglia cerebellum thalamas pons

25
Q

what is the metabolite of hexane that cross links neuron cytoskeletal components

A

2,5-hexanedione

PMCOL 305 (19 decks)

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