inhalants Flashcards
what are inhalants mixtures of?
several lipophillic chemicals
what is the concentration of inhalants in the blood
150-200
what is the concentration of inhalants in the brain
100-900
which gases are exhaled
volatile substances (gases under standard conditions) ex) propane, butane
how do inhalants affect blood pH at higher doses?
acidosis, reduce blood pH`
where are inhalants distributed
brain liver
how long is the onset for inhalants?
10 seconds
what enzyme metabolizes inhalants?
CYP2E1
what is the duration of metabolism of inhalants?`
15-120 min`
how are inhalants excreted?
kidneys and breath
describe the biphasic activity of inhalants
15-45 min then 1-2 hours
1. euphoria, disinhibition, dizziness
2. drowsiness, disorientation, headache
how does toluene cause reward
vta to NAc reward pathway
what are the motor effects of inhalants regulated by?
GABA in caudate putamen
how does toluene behave towards GABA and glycine
potentiates
how does toluene behave towards NMDA glu and nAChRs
inhibit
what the other actions that toluene partipcates in
Ca signalling, G-proteins
which NMDA receptor is most sensistive to toluene
2B
which neurons are insensitive to ACh in the presence of toluene
cultured hippocampal
which nAChRs are most sensitive to toluene
beta 2
what causes the cardiac dysrhythmias associated with toluene intoxication
inhibited inactivaation of Na anf Ca channel
what is prolonged by toluene causing dysrhythmia?
QTc > 480 ms
how long does it take NMDA receptor subunit composition to change
4 days
which regions experience neuronal death in hippocampus after 40 days of 200ppm toluene
CA1 and CA3
which brain regions are damaged by toluene
basal ganglia cerebellum thalamas pons
what is the metabolite of hexane that cross links neuron cytoskeletal components
2,5-hexanedione
