Studying Unit 8

Question 1

recessive

Answer 1

hidden traits unless there is no dominant trait

Question 2

homozygous

Answer 2

chromosomes with two of the same alleles

Question 3

heterozygous

Answer 3

chromosomes with one of each allele

Question 4

four types of asexual reproduction

Answer 4

binary fission, fragmentation, budding, parthenogenesis

Question 5

binary fission

Answer 5

separation of parent into two individuals

Question 6

fragmentation

Answer 6

growth of organism from a part that has been broken off

Question 7

budding

Answer 7

new individuals split from existing individuals

Question 8

parthenogenesis

Answer 8

development of unfertilized eggs into an individual

Question 9

3 stages of embryonic development

Answer 9

zygote, embryo, fetus

Question 10

how many gametes are produced in spermatogenesis

Answer 10

4

Question 11

how many gametes are produced in oogenesis

Answer 11

1

Question 12

independent assortment

Answer 12

the random distribution of alleles during gamete formation

Question 13

when does independent assortment occur

Answer 13

metaphase 1

Question 14

is a zygote diploid or haploid

Answer 14

diploid

Question 15

how many cells, and what kind of cells, are formed after meiosis 1

Answer 15

2 haploid cells

Question 16

how many cells, and what kind of cells, are formed after meiosis 2

Answer 16

4 haploid cells

Question 17

meiosis

Answer 17

gamete division + genetically unique

Question 18

mitosis

Answer 18

somatic cell division

Question 19

homologous chromosomes

Answer 19

chromosomes with the same size, shape, and gene placement

Question 20

alleles

Answer 20

different versions of the same gene

Question 21

how are alleles related to genes

Answer 21

they allow for the amount of variation

Question 22

P generation

Answer 22

parental generation, true breeding occurs, all chromosomes are homologous

Question 23

F1 generation

Answer 23

first filial generation, crosses the tree breeds, all chromosomes are heterozygous

Question 24

F2 generation

Answer 24

second filial generation, heterozygous chromosomes, self-pollination, 1 homozygous dominant, 2 heterozygous, 1 homozygous recessive

Question 25

why did the recessive trait disappear in Mendel's experiment

Answer 25

recessive trait was overcome by the dominant trait

Question 26

true breeding

Answer 26

breeding homozygous chromosomes and two of the same alleles

Question 27

dominant

Answer 27

visible traits

Question 28

polar bodies

Answer 28

eggs without the ability to fertilize

Question 29

how many polar bodies are made in oogenesis

Answer 29

2

Question 30

if there are two heterozygous parents, how many offspring would be heterozygous

Answer 30

50%

Question 31

how many alleles for each gene found in each sex cell

Answer 31

1

Question 32

genes

Answer 32

unit of heredity that codes for a trait found on chromosomes

Question 33

what aligns at the equator during metaphase 1

Answer 33

replicated chromosomes and homologous chromosomes

Question 34

what needs to occur for fertilization

Answer 34

the fuse of gametes

Question 35

haploid

Answer 35

one copy of chromosomes

Question 36

diploid

Answer 36

two copies of chromosomes

Question 37

simple genetics

Answer 37

can only be one trait or the other (no mix)

Question 38

why did mendel choose pea plants

Answer 38

fast growth, easy to see traits, easy to work with, cheap, can use both self and cross pollination

Question 39

homologous chromosomes have nearly identical

Answer 39

DNA sequences

Question 40

karyotype

Answer 40

the arrangement of chromosomes and genes in a cell arranged in homologous pairs, longest to shortest, and sex chromosomes are at the end

Question 41

what variable represents a set of chromosomes

Answer 41

n

Question 42

are sperm and egg diploid or haploid

Answer 42

haploid

Question 43

do zygotes use mitosis

Answer 43

yes, before mitosis

Question 44

tetrad

Answer 44

when a chromosome pairs with its corresponding homolog

Question 45

chiasma

Answer 45

where crossing over occurs

Question 46

is DNA copied between meiosis 1 and 2

Answer 46

no

Question 47

what parts of the sperm and egg fuse

Answer 47

their nuclei

Question 48

how does identical twinning occur

Answer 48

asexual splitting of an early embryo into two individuals

Question 49

gametogenesis

Answer 49

the process by which gametes mature into sperm and egg

Question 50

zygote is created when

Answer 50

fertilization of 2 different gametes through the fallopian tube

Question 51

where must an embryo implant

Answer 51

the uterus

Question 52

how many phases are in mitosis

Answer 52

6

Question 53

how many phases are in meiosis

Answer 53

11

Question 54

father of genetics

Answer 54

gregor mendel

Question 55

genetics

Answer 55

studies genes and inheritance

Question 56

self pollination

Answer 56

when pollen is transferred within the same flower or another flower of the same plant (true breeding)

Question 57

cross pollination

Answer 57

pollination from or by flowers of separate plants

Question 58

mendel's law of segregation

Answer 58

two allele are separated in meiosis and offspring gets one allele per parent

Question 59

mendel's law of assortment

Answer 59

alleles of different traits randomly assort from one another

Question 60

monohybrid cross

Answer 60

cross involving one pair of contrasting traits

Question 61

dihybrid cross

Answer 61

cross using two contrasting traits or genes

Question 62

two homozygous parents (one dominant, one recessive) will always result in

Answer 62

all offspring being heterozygous

Question 63

test cross

Answer 63

when you cross the unknown with the known

Question 64

when does crossing over occur more frequently

Answer 64

when genes are farther apart

Question 65

chromosome map

Answer 65

shows how far apart genes are located for prediction of allele pairings