Studying for Midterm

Question 1

steps of scientific method

Answer 1

observation, ask a question, make a hypothesis, perform an experiment, analyze data, conclusion, share results

Question 2

carbohydrate structure

Answer 2

web with CHO

Question 3

lipid structure

Answer 3

long line made of mostly hydrogen and carbon, but also oxygen

Question 4

protein structure

Answer 4

web with CHON

Question 5

nucleic acid structure

Answer 5

three groups, web with CHONP

Question 6

photosynthesis equation

Answer 6

6H2O+6CO2+light–>C6H12O6+O2

Question 7

cellular respiration equation

Answer 7

C6H12O6+O2+atp–>6H2O+6CO2

Question 8

mitosis

Answer 8

asexual cell division for eukaryotes

Question 9

meiosis

Answer 9

sexual cell division for eukaryotes

Question 10

carbon cycle

Answer 10

carbon is emitted to the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels, combustion, decomposers, respiration, carbon is captured by plants and bacteria, animals eat plants, animal and plant waste turn into fossil fuels over time

Question 11

aquifer

Answer 11

like a tank that’s within soil that holds water

Question 12

percolation

Answer 12

water that goes into soil

Question 13

collection

Answer 13

anywhere water can collect

Question 14

transpiration

Answer 14

plants lose water through their stomata

Question 15

water cycle

Answer 15

water from oceans etc evaporate, it condenses, precipitation occurs, that water flows into runoff or becomes percolation and the cycle repeats

Question 16

nitrogen cycle

Answer 16

nitrogen in the atmosphere is captured by bacteria that converts it into a usable form for plants (nitrogen fixation), plants absorb the nitrogen from soil and convert it into soil, bacteria fix and convert nitrogen back into nitrogen gas (denitrification)

Question 17

genetic diversity

Answer 17

the variety of genes in a population

Question 18

species diversity

Answer 18

the number of different species and their relative abundance in a biological community

Question 19

ecosystem diversity

Answer 19

the variety of ecosystems in the biosphere

Question 20

nonpolar molecules

Answer 20

have no overall charge because electrons are shared evenly

Question 21

hydrogen bonds

Answer 21

hydrogen is slightly positive, oxygen is slightly negative which makes them have an electrostatic attraction

Question 22

van der Waals attractions

Answer 22

weak attractions between atoms/molecules

Question 23

biological magnification

Answer 23

the increase in concentration of toxic substances at higher trophic levels

Question 24

what are monomers conneted by

Answer 24

covalent bonds

Question 25

saturated fats

Answer 25

(unhealthy), single bonded, easy to stack, solid at room temperature

Question 26

unsaturated fats

Answer 26

(healthy), double bonded, harder to stack, liquid at room temperature

Question 27

carbohydrates functions

Answer 27

short term energy storage and structural support

Question 28

lipids functions

Answer 28

long term energy storage, keeps water out of the cell, makes the cell membrane strong, insulation, protective cell barrie

Question 29

proteins functions

Answer 29

structural support, enzymes, bone, skin, nails, muscles, cell to cell transport, cell signaling, speed up cellular processes, control cell growth

Question 30

nucleic acids functions

Answer 30

store and transmit genetic information, makes proteins, acts as energy for the cell

Question 31

phospholipids in TPM

Answer 31

make up TPM, glycerol heads are hydrophilic, fatty acid tails are hydrophobic, double layered, tail to tail configuration

Question 32

proteins in TPM

Answer 32

tunnel or channel for molecules, receptors to transmit signals, anchor TPM to cell interior

Question 33

cholesterol in TPM

Answer 33

repels water (nonpolar), adds fluidity prevents fatty acid tails from sticking together, maintains homeostasis

Question 34

carbohydrates in TPM

Answer 34

can attach to a protein or the bilayer, act as a tag or identifier

Question 35

types of ecological pyramids

Answer 35

biomass pyramid, number of organisms, energy pyramid

Question 36

characteristics of populations ecologists use to study ecosystems

Answer 36

population density, dispersion, population range, limiting factors