Studying Unit 5

Question 1

what characteristics do all cells have

Answer 1

cytoplasm, plasma membrane, genetic material, the ability to break down molecules to energy, instruction for making more cells

Question 2

how do prokaryotic cells reproduce

Answer 2

binary fission (asexual)

Question 3

what is compartmentalization/specialized functions

Answer 3

a cell being divided by organelles that each have their own job

Question 4

what are the four components of the plasma membrane

Answer 4

phospholipids, protein, carbohydrates, cholesterol

Question 5

what do phospholipids do in the plasma membrane

Answer 5

they are a pathway for ions and macromolecules to move across the membrane, it provides a barrier for the cell, and it protects the cell and the organelles within it

Question 6

what does protein to in the plasma membrane

Answer 6

they act as receptors to transmit signals, anchor the plasma membrane to the interior, and they are tunnels and channels for molecules

Question 7

what does cholesterol do in the plasma membrane

Answer 7

it is a nonpolar molecule, it repels water, it adds fluidity to it, and it prevents fatty acid tails from sticking together

Question 8

what do carbohydrates do in the plasma membrane

Answer 8

they attack to proteins or the membrane and act as a tag or identifier

Question 9

what is the fluid mosaic model

Answer 9

where phospholipids and other components of the plasma membrane are able to float, are fluid, and resemble a mosaic

Question 10

similarities between plant and animal cells are

Answer 10

membrane bound organelles

Question 11

what type of energy does active transport require

Answer 11

ATP

Question 12

what protein is needed for osmosis

Answer 12

aquaporins

Question 13

how do large molecules move around the plasma membrane in passive transport

Answer 13

facilitated diffusion

Question 14

how do large molecules move around the plasma membrane in active transport

Answer 14

endocytosis

Question 15

what is a situation in which sodium and potassium ions use passive transport to get across the plasma membrane

Answer 15

when they move from areas of high concentration to low concentration

Question 16

what are the parts of the cell theory

Answer 16

all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure for all living things, and cells come from other cells and they pass down copies of their genetic material to their daughter cells

Question 17

whose ideas created the cell theory

Answer 17

schleiden, schwann, virchow

Question 18

what are the two main components of the plasma membrane

Answer 18

phospholipids and proteins

Question 19

what are the functions of the plasma membrane (kahoot)

Answer 19

transports ATP, intercellular connection, anchorage, contains enzymes, cell to cell signaling

Question 20

what allows cells to be specialized

Answer 20

organelles

Question 21

mitosis

Answer 21

asexual reproduction for eukaryotic cells

Question 22

meiosis

Answer 22

sexual reproduction for eukaryotic cells

Question 23

what is prokaryotic cell DNA called

Answer 23

circular nucleoid

Question 24

what did Hooke initially call cells

Answer 24

cellulae

Question 25

what did leeuwenhoek do

Answer 25

he made his own microscope, investigated pond water and milk and noticed that there were living organisms in them

Question 26

what did leeuwenhoek call the living organisms he found and what are they called now

Answer 26

animacules; protozoans

Question 27

what did schleiden discover

Answer 27

all plants are composed of cells

Question 28

what did schwann discover

Answer 28

animal tissue are composed of cells

Question 29

what did virchow discover

Answer 29

all cells come from other pre-existing cells

Question 30

how many layers does the plasma membrane have

Answer 30

two

Question 31

what is the brownian motion

Answer 31

states that particles are always in motion, even when equilibrium is established

Question 32

what affects the rate of diffusion

Answer 32

concentration, temperature, pressure

Question 33

what are the types of transport proteins

Answer 33

channel proteins and carrier proteins

Question 34

what are channel proteins

Answer 34

they are tube like openings in the plasma membrane that allow specific substances to enter and exit (for small, charged particles)

Question 35

what are carrier proteins

Answer 35

they bind to large molecules or ions and carry them to the other side

Question 36

when does something lyse

Answer 36

when placed in a hypotonic solution; it expands and bursts

Question 37

when does something crenate

Answer 37

when placed in a hypertonic solution; it shrinks/shrivels

Question 38

does active transport help to maintain homeostasis

Answer 38

yes

Question 39

what does active transport require

Answer 39

carrier proteins or pumps to move molecules

Question 40

do carrier proteins and pumps move molecules through the gradient both ways

Answer 40

some can

Question 41

what move charged ions

Answer 41

ion pumps

Question 42

what move uncharged molecules

Answer 42

molecular pumps

Question 43

what is the sodium potassium pump and what does it do

Answer 43

it is an enzyme and it breaks down ATP into ADP+Pi, which releases energy

Question 44

what is the other name for the sodium potassium pump

Answer 44

Na^+ -K^+ pump

Question 45

what does the sodium potassium pump move

Answer 45

ions

Question 46

what direction does the sodium potassium pump move ions

Answer 46

against their concentration gradients

Question 47

what does the sodium potassium pump allow throughout the body

Answer 47

nerve signals to move

Question 48

what is the sodium potassium pump ratio and what does it create

Answer 48

three sodium ions move out of the cell while two potassium ions move into the cell every time, which creates a concentration gradient

Question 49

what does the sodium potassium pump concentration gradient allow

Answer 49

the sodium potassium pump to pair with other proteins to bring in other particles

Question 50

passive transport can't occur when

Answer 50

equilibrium is reached

Question 51

what is needed to maintain concentration gradients to continue cell processes even when equilibrium is reached

Answer 51

active transport

Question 52

what composes prokaryotic cells

Answer 52

cilia, the plasma membrane (capsule), cytoplasm, cell wall, flagella, nucleoid region, ribosomes

Question 53

what is the dna arrangement of prokaryotes

Answer 53

single, circular chromosomes

Question 54

what is the dna arrangement of eukaryotes

Answer 54

multiple linear chromosomes in the nucleus

Question 55

what are the specific parts of the plasma membrane

Answer 55

phospholipid, cholesterol, glycoprotein, protein, glycolipid

Question 56

what is necessary for diffusion

Answer 56

membrane for a molecule to diffuse

Question 57

what kind of molecules move in diffusion

Answer 57

small molecules

Question 58

what does the cell wall surround

Answer 58

the plasma membrane

Question 59

what does the cell membrane act as

Answer 59

a boundary that protects the cell

Question 60

structure of cytoplasm

Answer 60

gel-like substance within cell

Question 61

structure of cytoskeleton

Answer 61

structural support made of microtubules and microfilaments

Question 62

function of cytoskeleton

Answer 62

anchors cell, internal support network, allows organelles to move

Question 63

what do ribosomes make proteins for

Answer 63

inside and outside the cell

Question 64

what are ribosomes made of

Answer 64

RNA and protein

Question 65

what does the mitochondria produce

Answer 65

ATP

Question 66

what does the mitochondria convert food to

Answer 66

usable energy

Question 67

structure of vacuole

Answer 67

fluid, gel-like tank

Question 68

function of vacuole

Answer 68

stores materials within cytoplasm

Question 69

golgi apparatus structure

Answer 69

flattened stack of membranes

Question 70

why do vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane

Answer 70

to release proteins

Question 71

what are cilia and flagella made of

Answer 71

complex protein fibers