Section 6.1: Atoms, Elements, Compounds

Question 1

atoms

Answer 1

the building blocks of matter

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

the center of the atom

Question 3

protons

Answer 3

positively charged particles

Question 4

neutrons

Answer 4

particles that have no charge

Question 5

electrons

Answer 5

negatively charged particles located outside the nucleus

Question 6

where do electrons constantly move around the nucleus

Answer 6

energy levels

Question 7

elements

Answer 7

pure substances that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means

Question 8

how many atoms are elements made of

Answer 8

one

Question 9

what is the difference between periods and columns of the periodic table

Answer 9

periods are horizontal rows, columns are vertical

Question 10

isotopes

Answer 10

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Question 11

how do you find isotopes

Answer 11

add number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 12

how does changing the number of neutrons in an atom affect it

Answer 12

it affects the nucleus’s stability, not the overall charge of the atom

Question 13

what do changes in the nucleus’s stability cause

Answer 13

cause the nucleus to decay which causes radiation emitions

Question 14

compound

Answer 14

a pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine

Question 15

are compounds different than the elements that comprise them

Answer 15

yes; both chemically and physically

Question 16

can compounds be broken down physically and chemically

Answer 16

can’t be broken down physically, can be broken down chemically

Question 17

what are chemical bonds

Answer 17

the force that holds the substances together

Question 18

how many electrons can each energy level hold at a time

Answer 18

first level can hold up to two, 2nd level can hold up to 8

Question 19

are partially filled energy levels more or less stable than empty or completely full energy levels

Answer 19

less

Question 20

when are atoms more stable

Answer 20

when they lose or attract electrons from other atoms

Question 21

covalent bonds

Answer 21

bond that forms when atoms share outer electrons between two elements

Question 22

molecule

Answer 22

a compound in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds

Question 23

what does whether a pair of electrons is single, double, or triple depend on

Answer 23

the number of shared pairs of electrons

Question 24

are atoms charged or neutral

Answer 24

neutral

Question 25

ion

Answer 25

an atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons and carries an electric charge

Question 26

when atoms donate or accept electrons, do they become more or less stable

Answer 26

more

Question 27

ionic bond

Answer 27

an electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or group of atoms (ions)

Question 28

if a compound is formed by ionic bonds, it is called a

Answer 28

bionic compound

Question 29

what are outer electrons called

Answer 29

valences

Question 30

what state are most ions at at room temperature

Answer 30

solid

Question 31

are liquid or solid ions environmentally friendly

Answer 31

liquid

Question 32

what happens if a nucleus has a week attraction for an electron

Answer 32

then it donates it to an atom with a stronger attraction

Question 33

what happens as a result of the constant movement of electrons

Answer 33

it can cause unequal distribution of the electron cloud

Question 34

what happens when there is an unequal distribution of the electron cloud

Answer 34

temporarily, some areas of an atom have slightly positive charges, and some have slightly negative charges

Question 35

van der Waals forces

Answer 35

the attractive forces between positive and negative regions of a moleculew

Question 36

what do vann der Waals forces depend on

Answer 36

the size, shape, and attraction abilities of a molecule

Question 37

Z=

Answer 37

the number of protons

Question 38

atomic number=

Answer 38

number of protons and electrons

Question 39

neutrons=

Answer 39

atomic mass-atomic number or protons or electrons