Study Guide Exam 2 Flashcards
What is a diathesis?
biological or psychological predisposition to disorder
What is a diathesis/
vulnerability
What can diathesis be vulnerable to?
certain problem or mental disorder, but this does not mean you will necessarily develop it
According to the diathesis stress model what can combo of stress and predisposition cause?
impact development of psychological problems
What must stress interact with for a disorder to occur?
predisposition
What is anxiety?
general feelings of apprehension about possible future problem or danger
What is fear?
alarm reaction in response to immediate danger (fight or flight?
how many phobias do you need to meet the diagnostic criteria for specific phobia?
1
What is the average number of phobias that people have?
3
What are the amount with the diathesis stress models (the trends)
Combo of strong predisposition and high stress result in most
Does the diathesis stress model operate on a continuum
yep
With the diathesis stress model what may impact the development of a disorder?
combination or interaction of diathesis and stress may impact the development of a mental disorder.
What can a diathesis influence?
perception and experience of stress as well as life course and choice of experiences
What does the diathesis stress model integrate?
theoretical perspectives of mental disorder and provides information about etiology (cause), treatment, and prevention.
What are animal phobias?
fear of animals–especially dogs, rodents, insects, snakes
What are the five categories of specific phobias?
animal, natural environment, blood-injection injury, situational, other phobias
What are natural environment phobias?
involve fears of surrounding phenomena such as heights, water, and weather events such as thunderstorms.
What are blood-injection injury phobias?
fear of needles, medical procedures, harm to oneself
What are situational phobias?
Fear of specific areas such as enclosed spaces in elevators or planes
What are other phobias?
any other intense fear of a specific object (fear of poison, peanut butter, etc)
What is a phobia?
Persistent and disproportional fear of specific object or situation that presents little or no actual danger
What are the subtypes of social phobia?
performance situations, nonperformance situations
What is a panic attack?
brief period of exceptionally intense, spontaneous anxiety/fear and feelings of impending doom
If it is something you can name what is it?
phobia not panic disorder
What is the behavioral perspective with depression?
extinction of active behaviors, lack of rewards due to social skills, learned because they lead to rewards
What is learned helplessness with depression?
People act in a helpless, passive fashion upon learning their actions have little effect on their overall environment
What does learned helplessness cause?
people believe that they are incapable of changing their environments
What do performance situations include?
evaluation from others, (taking a test, recital)
What would make a disorder performance only?
fearing only speaking or performing in public
What are nonperformance situations?
Situations that cause anxiety that are not based on performance reviews
What is generalized anxiety disorder?
chronic, excessive and unreasonable worry and anxiety generalized over events in everyday life
What is vicarious learning?
learning through observation and imitation of others’ experiences, rather than through direct personal experience
What are obsessions?
anxiety-producing, persistent idea, thought, image, or impulse
What are compulsions?
overt repetitive behaviors or mental rituals that the individual is driven to perform over and over
What is a fear circuit?
primarily centered around the amygdala, that are responsible for processing and triggering fear responses when encountering perceived threats
what does the fear circuit help you do?
helps you learn from experience to recognize dangerous situations and respond appropriately.
What is body dysmorphic disorder?
preoccupation with imagined defect in physical appearance or excessive concern over slight flaw
How many people with BDD try to kill themselveS?
about half
What are common obsessions?
contamination, errors or uncertainty, sexual acts, harming self or others, symmetry or perfect order
What are some common compulsions?
cleaning, repeated checking, repeating, ordering/arranging, counting
What is hoarding disorder?
preoccupation with collecting items and a failure to discard items
What is the cognitive cause of OCD/
attention drawn more to disturbing material, low confidence in memory ability, difficulty blocking out negative thoughts
What is a stressor?
the event that causes the stress
What do stressors demand on us?
to change or react
What is a stress reaction?
person’s reaction to those demands
What is a traumatic experience?
exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation
What are the four categories for diagnoses of PTSD?
intrusion, avoidance, negative conditions and mood, arousal and reactivity
What is intrusion?
1 symptom
What is avoidance?
1 symptom
What are negative conditions and moods?
2 symptoms
What is arousal and reactivity?
2 symptoms
What is acute stress disorder?
anxiety and dissociative symptoms following a traumatic experience.
DSM05 FPOr ACCUTE STRESS DISORDEr
What is adjustment disorder?
maladaptive reaction to distressing life events that develop within 3 months of the onset of the stressor
What must adjustment disorders lead to ?
significant impairment or marked emotional distress exceeding what is normally expected
What are physiological pathways?
if stressor doesn’t go away right away the HPA axis kicks in and releases cortisol and the stress response is released
What is criterion 1 for bipolar 1 disorder?
criteria for at least 1 manic episode (a-D under manic episode)
What gender especially has symptoms of rapid cycling?
females