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Essential Cell Biology > Study Guide Exam 1 > Flashcards

Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

List the steps of the scientific method

A

Observation -> Hypothesis -> Experiment -> Analysis -> Conclusion (Rejected or Supported)

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2
Q

Prokaryotic Cells…

____ have a nucleus
Contain ___ DNA than Eukaryotes
Have only ____ as organelles
Can have three shapes : _____, _______, or ______
Have a tough protective coat made of _______
Reproduce ______
Almost always live as _____ cells
Can have both _____ and ______ used as food
Can be divided into _____ and _______

A

Don’t
Less
Ribosomes
Cocci, Spirilla, or Bacillus
Peptidoglycan
Rapidly
Single
Organic, Inorganic
Bacteria, Archaea

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3
Q

Eukaryotes…

____ a nucleus
Tend to be ______ than prokaryotes size-wise
Can live as single cells (Examples: ______ and _____)
Contain a more ______ metabolism
Contain a more ______ cell division process

A

Contain
Larger
Amoebae, Yeasts
Complex
Complex

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4
Q

Function of the Nucleus:
Description of the Nucleus:

A

To store and preserve DNA
Double membrane containing nuclear pores

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5
Q

Mitochondria Function:
Mitochondria Description:

A

Function is to generate ATP for the cell through oxidation of food molecules in a process known as Cellular Respiration

Double Membrane enclosed organelle that CONTAINS ITS OWN DNA, Found in all eukaryotes (EXCEPT those that live in oxygen free environments)

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6
Q

Chloroplast Function:
Chloroplast Description:

A

Contains the pigment molecules that allow plants and algae to collect energy from sunlight and store it in sugar molecules (Photosynthesis)
Generate food and oxygen for mitochondria to use
Double membrane enclosed organelle, CONTAINS ITS OWN DNA

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7
Q

DRAW A DAMN BACTERIA CELL THING

A

https://www.sciencefacts.net/bacteria-cell.html

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8
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum Function
Endoplasmic Reticulum Description

A

Rough ER -> Site of building cell membrane material
Smooth ER -> Synthesizes Lipids
Maze of interconnected spaces enclosed by membrane

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9
Q

Golgi apparatus Function
Golgi apparatus Description

A

Molecular modifications are made and molecules are shipped to their final destination
Stacks of flattened membrane enclosed sacs

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10
Q

Lysosomes Definition
Lysosomes Function

A

Intracellular digestion occurs here
Small vesicle

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11
Q

Peroxisomes Description
Peroxisomes Function

A

Membrane enclosed space
Reactions using hydrogen peroxide occur here

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12
Q

Vesicles Description

A

Small membrane enclosed space used for transport and shit

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13
Q

Cytosol Description

A

Aqueous gel where chemical reactions take place

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14
Q

Cytoskeleton Description

A

Actin, Intermediate, and Microtubule filaments work together to provide structural support for the cell

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15
Q

Ribosomes Description

A

Non-membrane bound, proteins and nucleic acid structures are used to assemble proteins.

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16
Q

Of the Organelles, which have membranes and which have double membranes?

A

Vesicles, lysosomes, peroxisomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus have membranes while chloroplasts, Mitochondria, and nucleus have double membranes

17
Q

Describe Endosymbiosis Theory

A

The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were engulfed by a larger eukaryotic cell and that that they then worked together, the smaller cells creating energy through photosynthesis or cellular respiration and the larger cell acting as a home.

18
Q

What cells contain chloroplasts?

A

Plants and Algae

19
Q

What cells contain mitochondria?

A

All eukaryotic cells

20
Q

Describe how protein is released from cell to extracellular environment

A

Exocytosis-> a vesicle encases the protein molecule and guides it the edge of the cell membrane where it then fuses with the membrane and lets out the protein

21
Q

3 Main Components of Cytoskeleton and Give Function Attributed to Each

A

Actin -> Contraction
Intermediates -> Strengthen cell
Microtubules -> Used during cell division

22
Q

3 Model Organisms Used in Biology

A

Yeast -> Simple, easily grows BUT not a lot in common with human cells
Drosophila -> Multicellular, distinct body parts, fast growing BUT still working with an insect so limited applicability to humans
Mice -> Easy to maintain and inexpensive BUT many differences in treatment results from mouse to human

Essential Cell Biology (19 decks)

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