Exam 4 Study Guide

Question 1

Where does stage 1 of the breakdown of foodstuffs take place?

Answer 1

The gut and lysosomes
(This is digestion)

Question 2

Where does stage 2 take place? What is the name given to this process? How many steps are involved in this process? What is the overall reaction of this process?

Answer 2

Cytosol
Glycolysis
10 Steps
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 30ATP

Question 3

In between stages 2 and 3, what occurs? Where does this occur?

Answer 3

Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA and a carbon atom is released as CO2
This occurs in the mitochondria

Question 4

Where does stage 3 take place? What is the name given to this process? How many steps are involved in the cyclical reactions of this process?

Answer 4

Inside the mitochondria
Kreb’s Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
8 Steps are involved

Question 5

Complete the sentence

A __ carbon acetyl group attaches to a ___ carbon oxaloacetate to form a __ carbon citrate (citric acid)

Answer 5

2
4
6

Question 6

What three compounds are produced that become high energy electron carriers doing stage 3?

Answer 6

GTP, FADH2, NADH

Question 7

What is a byproduct of stage 3 that is produced?

Answer 7

CO2

Question 8

In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed along between molecules to successively lower energy states. In the process, what ions are moved along as well?

Answer 8

H+ Ions

Question 9

As H+ ions are moved from inner to outer, what high energy molecule is formed and how is it formed?

Answer 9

ADP + Pi -> ATP

Question 10

What role does molecular oxygen play in the process of stage 3?

Answer 10

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor at the end of oxidative phosphorylation and attached to expel water

Question 11

Approximately how many ATP are produced per molecule of glucose?

Answer 11

30 ATP

Question 12

Draw a diagram of the cell cycle showing different phases and indicate processes in each phase

Answer 12

G1 and G2 Phases are used to increase the volume of the cell and replicate the organelles
S Phase allows for DNA Replication
M Phase allows for the division of the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm

Question 13

Do your cells generally innately divide or do they require external input?

Answer 13

External Input

Question 14

What are the 2 main proteins involved in making a functional signal telling cells to divide?

Answer 14

Cyclins and Cyclin Dependent Kinases

Question 15

What term do we use to describe cells that permanently withdraw from the cell cycle? What are 2 reasons a cell may temporarily withdraw from the Cell Cycle?

Answer 15

Terminally differentiated
Excessive DNA damage or unfavorable nutrient conditions for growth and duplication