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Anatomy and Physiology > Study Guide ch.7 > Flashcards

Study Guide ch.7 Flashcards

1
Q

The thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

A

Endosteum

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2
Q

An example of a flat bone

A

scapulae

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3
Q

The shaft of the long bone

A

Diaphysis

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4
Q

An example of a long bone

A

Femur

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5
Q

the thin layer that cushions jolts and blows

A

articular cartilage

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6
Q

An example of a sesamoid bone

A

patella

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7
Q

An attachment for muscle fibers

A

Periosteum

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8
Q

An example of a short bone

A

carpal

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9
Q

The end of a long bone

A

epiphysis

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10
Q

The tubelike, hollow space in the diaphysis of long bones

A

medullary cavity

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11
Q

An example of an irregular bone

A

vertebra

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12
Q

Which of the following is NOT a component of bone matrix?

a) inorganic salts
b) organic matrix
c) collagenous fibers
d) all of the above are components of bone matrix

A

all of the above are components of bone matrix

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13
Q

Small spaces in which bone cells lie are called:

a) lamellae
b) lacunae
c) canaliculi
d) interstitial lamellae

A

lacunae

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14
Q

The basic structural unit of compact bone is:

a) trabeculae
b) cancellous bone
c) osteon
d) none of the above

A

osteon

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15
Q

The cells that produce the organic matrix in bone are:

a) chondrocytes
b) osteoblasts
c) osteocytes
d) osteoclasts

A

osteoblasts

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16
Q

The bones in an adult that contain red marrow include all of the following EXCEPT:

a) ribs
b) tarsals
c) pelvis
d) femur

A

tarsals

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17
Q

Low blood calcium evokes a response from:

a) calcitonin
b) the thyroid
c) parathyroid hormone
d) none of the above

A

parathyroid hormone

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18
Q

True of False

Haversain canals run lengthwise, whereas Volkmanns canals run transverse to the bone

A

true

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19
Q

True or False

Giant, multinucleate cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called osteocytes

A

false

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20
Q

True of False

Bone marrow is found not only in the medullary cavities of certain long bones but also in the spaces of cancellous bone

A

true

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21
Q

True or False

Calcitonin functions to stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasta

A

True

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22
Q

True or False

Hematoposis is a term referring to the formation of new haversain systems

A

False

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23
Q

True or False

Yellow marrow is found in almost all of the bones of an infant’s body

A

False

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24
Q

The primary ossification center is located at the:

a) epiphysis
b) diaphysis
c) articular cartilage
d) none of the above

A

diaphysis

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25
Q

The primary purpose of the epiphyseal plate is:

a) mending fractures
b) enlarging the epiphysis
c) providing bone strength
d) lengthening long bones

A

lengthening long bones

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26
Q

The epiphyseal plate is composed mostly of:

a) chondrocytes
b) osteocytes
c) osteoclasts
d) none of the above

A

chondrocytes

27
Q

Bone loss normally begins to exceed bone gain between the ages of:

a) 30 to 35 years
b) 35 to 40 years
c) 55 to 60 years
d) 65 to 70 years

A

35 to 40 years

28
Q

The first step to healing a bone fracture is:

a) callus formation
b) fracture hematoma formation
c) alignment of the fracture
d) collar formation

A

fracture hematoma formation

29
Q

True or false

The addition of bone to its outer suface resulting in growth in diameter is called appositonal growth

A

true

30
Q

True of false

Most bones of the body are formed by intramembranous osification

A

false

31
Q

Once an individual reaches skeletal maturity, the bones undergo years of metabolic rest

A

false

32
Q

True or False

Lack of exercise tends to weaken bones through decreased collagen formation and excessive calcium withdrawl

A

true

33
Q

When bones reach their full length, the epiphyseal plate disappears

A

True

34
Q

Theh fibrous covering of cartilage is:

a) periosteum
b) perichondrium
c) chondroclast
d) none of the above

A

perichondrium

35
Q

The external ear, epiglottis, and the auditory tube are compsoed of:

a) hyaline cartilage
b) fibrocartilage
c) elastic cartilage
d) none of the above

A

elastic cartilage

36
Q

Vitamin D deficiency can reslut in:

a) scurvy
b) rickets
c) osteochonfroma
d) none of the above

A

rickets

37
Q

True of False

Both bone and carlilage are well vascularized

A

False

38
Q

The intervertebral discs are composed of fibrocartilage

A

True

39
Q

The growth of cartilage occurs by both appositional and interstitial growth

A

True

40
Q

_____________ is a malignant tumor of hyaline cartilage that arises from chondroblasts

A

Chondrosarcoma

41
Q

_______________ is the most common primary malignant tumor of skeletal tissue

A

Osteosarcoma

42
Q

__________ is a common bone disease often occuring in a postemenopausal women and manifesting symptoms of porou, brittle, and fragile bones

A

Osteoporosis

43
Q

_____________ ______________ is also known as osteitis deformans

A

Paget’s disease

44
Q

__________- is a bacterial infection of the bone and marrow tissue

A

Osteomyelitis

45
Q

There are ______ types of bones

A

five

46
Q

The _______ ______________ is the hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone

A

medullary cavity

47
Q

A thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis is the _____________

A

-articular cartilage

48
Q

The________________ lines the medullary cavity of long bones

A

endosteum

49
Q

____________ is used to describe the process of blood cell formation

A

hematopoiesis

50
Q

Blood cell formation is a vital process carried on in___________

A

red bone marrow

51
Q

The _____________ is a strong fibrous membrane that covers a long bone except at joint surfaces

A

periosteum

52
Q

Bones may be classified by shpe. THose shapes include____________,_________,_______,______________and__________

A

Long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid

53
Q

Bones serve as the major reservoir for_____________, a vital substance required for normal nerve and muscle functions

A

calcium

54
Q

____________is the most abundant typer of cartilage

A

hyaline

55
Q

Trabeculae

A

Needlelike threads of spongy bone

56
Q

Compact

A

dense bone tissue

57
Q

Spongy

A

ends of long bones

58
Q

Periosteum

A

outer covering of bone

59
Q

Cartilage

A

fibers embedded in a firm gel

60
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells

61
Q

canaliculi

A

connect lacunae

62
Q

Lamellae

A

ring of bone

63
Q

chondrocytes

A

cartilage cells

64
Q

Haversain System

A

structural unit of compact bone

Anatomy and Physiology (16 decks)

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