Study Guide ch.7 Flashcards
The thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity
Endosteum
An example of a flat bone
scapulae
The shaft of the long bone
Diaphysis
An example of a long bone
Femur
the thin layer that cushions jolts and blows
articular cartilage
An example of a sesamoid bone
patella
An attachment for muscle fibers
Periosteum
An example of a short bone
carpal
The end of a long bone
epiphysis
The tubelike, hollow space in the diaphysis of long bones
medullary cavity
An example of an irregular bone
vertebra
Which of the following is NOT a component of bone matrix?
a) inorganic salts
b) organic matrix
c) collagenous fibers
d) all of the above are components of bone matrix
all of the above are components of bone matrix
Small spaces in which bone cells lie are called:
a) lamellae
b) lacunae
c) canaliculi
d) interstitial lamellae
lacunae
The basic structural unit of compact bone is:
a) trabeculae
b) cancellous bone
c) osteon
d) none of the above
osteon
The cells that produce the organic matrix in bone are:
a) chondrocytes
b) osteoblasts
c) osteocytes
d) osteoclasts
osteoblasts
The bones in an adult that contain red marrow include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) ribs
b) tarsals
c) pelvis
d) femur
tarsals
Low blood calcium evokes a response from:
a) calcitonin
b) the thyroid
c) parathyroid hormone
d) none of the above
parathyroid hormone
True of False
Haversain canals run lengthwise, whereas Volkmanns canals run transverse to the bone
true
True or False
Giant, multinucleate cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called osteocytes
false
True of False
Bone marrow is found not only in the medullary cavities of certain long bones but also in the spaces of cancellous bone
true
True or False
Calcitonin functions to stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasta
True
True or False
Hematoposis is a term referring to the formation of new haversain systems
False
True or False
Yellow marrow is found in almost all of the bones of an infant’s body
False
The primary ossification center is located at the:
a) epiphysis
b) diaphysis
c) articular cartilage
d) none of the above
diaphysis
The primary purpose of the epiphyseal plate is:
a) mending fractures
b) enlarging the epiphysis
c) providing bone strength
d) lengthening long bones
lengthening long bones
The epiphyseal plate is composed mostly of:
a) chondrocytes
b) osteocytes
c) osteoclasts
d) none of the above
chondrocytes
Bone loss normally begins to exceed bone gain between the ages of:
a) 30 to 35 years
b) 35 to 40 years
c) 55 to 60 years
d) 65 to 70 years
35 to 40 years
The first step to healing a bone fracture is:
a) callus formation
b) fracture hematoma formation
c) alignment of the fracture
d) collar formation
fracture hematoma formation
True or false
The addition of bone to its outer suface resulting in growth in diameter is called appositonal growth
true
True of false
Most bones of the body are formed by intramembranous osification
false
Once an individual reaches skeletal maturity, the bones undergo years of metabolic rest
false
True or False
Lack of exercise tends to weaken bones through decreased collagen formation and excessive calcium withdrawl
true
When bones reach their full length, the epiphyseal plate disappears
True
Theh fibrous covering of cartilage is:
a) periosteum
b) perichondrium
c) chondroclast
d) none of the above
perichondrium
The external ear, epiglottis, and the auditory tube are compsoed of:
a) hyaline cartilage
b) fibrocartilage
c) elastic cartilage
d) none of the above
elastic cartilage
Vitamin D deficiency can reslut in:
a) scurvy
b) rickets
c) osteochonfroma
d) none of the above
rickets
True of False
Both bone and carlilage are well vascularized
False
The intervertebral discs are composed of fibrocartilage
True
The growth of cartilage occurs by both appositional and interstitial growth
True
_____________ is a malignant tumor of hyaline cartilage that arises from chondroblasts
Chondrosarcoma
_______________ is the most common primary malignant tumor of skeletal tissue
Osteosarcoma
__________ is a common bone disease often occuring in a postemenopausal women and manifesting symptoms of porou, brittle, and fragile bones
Osteoporosis
_____________ ______________ is also known as osteitis deformans
Paget’s disease
__________- is a bacterial infection of the bone and marrow tissue
Osteomyelitis
There are ______ types of bones
five
The _______ ______________ is the hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone
medullary cavity
A thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis is the _____________
-articular cartilage
The________________ lines the medullary cavity of long bones
endosteum
____________ is used to describe the process of blood cell formation
hematopoiesis
Blood cell formation is a vital process carried on in___________
red bone marrow
The _____________ is a strong fibrous membrane that covers a long bone except at joint surfaces
periosteum
Bones may be classified by shpe. THose shapes include____________,_________,_______,______________and__________
Long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid
Bones serve as the major reservoir for_____________, a vital substance required for normal nerve and muscle functions
calcium
____________is the most abundant typer of cartilage
hyaline
Trabeculae
Needlelike threads of spongy bone
Compact
dense bone tissue
Spongy
ends of long bones
Periosteum
outer covering of bone
Cartilage
fibers embedded in a firm gel
osteocytes
mature bone cells
canaliculi
connect lacunae
Lamellae
ring of bone
chondrocytes
cartilage cells
Haversain System
structural unit of compact bone
