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Anatomy and Physiology > chapter 16 > Flashcards

chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the effects caused by hormones?

A

Change in the plasma membrane permeability or electrical state.
stimulation of mitosis
promotion of the secretory activity

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2
Q

What is Steroids?

A

derived from cholesterol. lipid soluble.

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3
Q

Non- Steroids?

A

synthesized from amino acid which includes proteins, gylcoprotiens,

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4
Q

Prostaglandins.?

A

Derived from fatty acid.

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5
Q

what are the two mechanisms in which hormones act

A

direct gene activation ;

Second messenger system

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6
Q

Steriod Homone Action

A

Diffuse.
enter the nucles
bind to a specific sites on the cells DNA
activate genes that result in synthesis of new proteins.
range from 45min- days.

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7
Q

Nonsteroid hormone action

A

from the second messenger
does not make more protein.
effects range from seconds to minutes.

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8
Q

Hormone levels in the blood are mostly maintained by negative feedback

A

Information

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9
Q

A stimulus or low hormone levels in the blood triggers the release of more hormone

A

Imformation

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10
Q

Hormone release stops once an appropriate level in the blood is reached.

A

Information.

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11
Q

Hormonal stimuli 1st

A

Stimuli by hormones to other hormones

Hormones act on other glandes to stimuli hormones

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12
Q

Humoral stimuli 2nd

A

changing blood levels ions & nutrients

body fluids such as blood and bile

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13
Q

Neural Stimuli 3

A

Control of the sympathetic

example: release of norepinephrine.

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14
Q

Pituitary

A 
protected by the sphenoid bone
has two functional lobes
anterior 
posterior 
** called the master endocrine gland**
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15
Q

what does the anterior pituitary do

A

glandular tissue

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16
Q

what does the posterior pituitary do

A

nervous tissue

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17
Q

Andrenorticotropic (ACTH) hormone

A

information

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18
Q

Two gonadotropic hormones are?

A

(FSH & LH)

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19
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A

Proteins
act throught second-messenger systems
Regulated by hormonal stimuli, mostly negative feedback

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20
Q

Go see page 547 must know this

A

Information

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21
Q

What is growth hormone ?

A

general metabolic
growth of skeletal muscles and long bones
fats to be broken down

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22
Q

what is pituitary dwarfism

A

results from hyposecretion of the GH during childhood

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23
Q

What is Gigantism ?

A

Results from hypersecretion of GH during childhood

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24
Q

What is Acromegaly ?

A

results from hypersecretion of GH during adulthood.

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25
Q

What is prolactin

A

Milk production following childbirth

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26
Q

what is Adrenocorticotropic

A

Regulates endocrine activity of the adrenal cortex

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27
Q

what is Thyroid-stimulating

A

influences growth and activity of the thyroid gland.

28
Q

what is Gonadotropic?

A

Regulate hormonal activity of the gonads.

\

29
Q

A) (FHS)

A

follicle development in the ovaries

30
Q

B) LH

A

Stimulates testosterone production in males

Triggers ovulation of an egg in females.

31
Q

what is oxytocin

A

contractions of the uterus , milk ejection , labor induction, postive feedback loop

32
Q

Antidiuretic (ADH)

A

promotion water reabsorption by the kidneys.

Drinking alcool inhibits ADH

33
Q

diabetes insipidus what?

A

a lot of urine output. – Hyposecretion

34
Q

what is Pineal Gland?

A

bilogical clock, there is two systems nervous & endocrine, affect a person mood
Seasonal affecting disorder (SAD)

35
Q

what is Tyrpid gland?

A

two hormones

  • thyroid hormone
  • calcitonin
36
Q

Thyroid hormone?

A

major metabolic hormone

  • thyrozine (t4)
  • triiodothyronine (t3)
37
Q

Thyroid hormone (con’t)

A

rate metabolism of all cells.
normal tissue growth and development
** since all the body cells depend on energy,every cell in the body is a target

38
Q

Thyroid hormone disorder

A

Goiters: lack of iodine, salt is iodizd to prevent goiters.
Cretinism: hyposecretin of thyroxine , dwarfism during childhood mental deficits.

39
Q

Thyroid hormone disorder ( continued )

A

Myxedema: Hypothyroidism in adults. Fatigue,poor muscle tone, low body temperature,obesity,and dry skin.

40
Q

Thyroid hormone disorder ( continued )

A

Graves’ disease
hyperthyroidism , increased metabolism, rapid heartbeat, weight lost, nervous and agitated behavior. timulate osteoclasts

41
Q

what is calcitonin

A

Decreases bloood calcium levels by deposit on bone.

42
Q

What is parathyroid?

A

stimulate osteoclasts to remove calcium from bone. Kidneys and intestine to absord more calcium and release into blood.

43
Q

what is hyposecretion?

A

high blood calcium. muscle spasms and convulsions.

44
Q

what are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex

A
  1. mineralocorticoids.
  2. glucpcprticoids
  3. gonadocorticoids.
45
Q

What is mineralocorticoids

A

main one. secreted by outermost layer.

46
Q

what is glucocorticoids

A

secreted by middle layer

47
Q

what is gonadocorticoids

A

secreted by innermost layer.

48
Q

Three hormones together are collectively caleed corticosteroids

A

Information

49
Q

what is the mineralocorticoids

A

Target organ in the kidneys

50
Q

see page 561

A

!!

51
Q

what is Glucocorticoids? also called Hydrocortisone

A

help resist long term stressors, by increasing blood glucose levels. Fats and even proteins to glucose. broken down by body cells and converted to glucose.

52
Q

what is gonadocorticoids sex hormones?

A

small amounts of make hormones

smaller amount in women,

53
Q

Adrenal conrtex disorders

A

Addison disease.: bronze skin tone, muscles are weak, burnout susceptibility to infection.

54
Q

Adrenal conrtex disorders part 2

A

Cushing syndrome,

tumor in the middle cortical area of the cortex. moon face/ buffalo hump/upper back

55
Q

what is epinephrine ?

A

adrenaline

56
Q

what is norepinephrime

A

noradrenaline

57
Q

what is the pancreatic islets?

A

beta cells with insulin brings glucagon in the blood.

58
Q

what is polyurina

A

excessive urination

59
Q

what is polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

60
Q

what is polyphagia

A

hunger

61
Q

what is type one

A

require insulin

62
Q

what is type two

A

insulin resistances.

63
Q

produces human chorionic gonadotropin in addition to estrogen, progesterone and other hormones.

A

need to know this

64
Q

Examples.

A

heart -atrial natrituretic peptide antogonist to ADH and aldoseterone.

65
Q

DANA PEDDIE IS?

A

THE BEST

Anatomy and Physiology (16 decks)

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