Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > CH. 16 ENDOCRINE - CLASS NOTES > Flashcards

CH. 16 ENDOCRINE - CLASS NOTES Flashcards

2
Q

What is the second controlling system of the body?

A

Endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hormones are also called:

A

chemical messengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hormones control 5 processes

A 
reproduction
growth and development
mobilization of body defences
homeostasis
regulation of metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

5 effects caused by hormones

A

changes in plasma membrane permeabilityprotein synthesisenzyme activation/inactivationmitosis stimulation
secretory activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hormones are produced by _____ cells

A

specialized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cells secreted hormones into _______ fluid

A

extracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hormones are transferred to target sites by the _______

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hormones _______ the activity of other cells

A

regulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 main hormone classifications

A
  1. steroids - can go through cell membrane
  2. non-steroids
  3. prostaglandins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hormones affect only certain _____ or ______

A

tissues, organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

target cells must have specific protein ________

A

receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 mechanisms in which hormones act:

A
  1. direct gene activation (steroid)

2. second-messenger system (non-steroid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

direct gene activation (steroid)

A
  • can go through plasma membrane
  • enter nucleus
  • activate genes & DNA
  • effects can take 45 minutes to days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

second messenger system

A
  • cannot pass through membrane

- uses a receptor protein- faster (seconds to minutes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 hormone stimuli

A
  1. hormonal
  2. humoral
  3. nerve impulses (sympathetic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hormone levels in the blood are mostly maintained by __________ feedback

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does hormonal stimuli mean & give example

A

hormone release stimulated by other hormones

- pituitary gland targets thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is humoral stimuli & give example

A

hormone release stimulated by body fluids & blood

- insulin is produced based on blood sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is neural stimuli & give example

A

hormone release stimulated by nerve impulses- release of adrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

8 major endocrine organs

A
  1. pituitary gland & hypothalamus
  2. pineal gland
  3. thyroid gland
  4. parathyroid gland
  5. adrenal gland
  6. thymus gland
  7. pancreas
  8. gonads
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

this gland is the size of a pea

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hangs by a stalk and connected to the hypothalamus

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pituitary gland has 2 functional lobes

A

anterior pituitary - glandular tissue

posterior pituitary - nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what gland is known as the “master endocrine gland”

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how many hormones does the anterior pituitary gland secrete

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

2 anterior pituitary hormones that affect non-endocrine targets:

A
  1. growth hormone

2. prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

4 anterior pituitary hormones that affect endocrine targets - called tropic hormones:

A
  1. thyroid-stimulating hormone
  2. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    3 & 4. gonadtropic hormones (FSH & LH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

3 characteristics of anterior pituitary hormones:

A
  1. proteins
  2. second-messenger sytems
  3. mostly regulated by negative feedback
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

general metabolic hormone

A

GROWTH HORMONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

growth of skeletal muscles and long bones

A

GROWTH HORMONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

causes amino acids to build proteins

A

GROWTH HORMONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

causes fats to be broken down for energy

A

GROWTH HORMONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

spares glucose to maintain blood sugar homeostasis

A

GROWTH HORMONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

3 main kind of GROWTH HORMONE disorders

A
  1. pituitary dwarfism
  2. gigantism
  3. acromegaly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

stimulates milk production following childbirth

A

PROLACTIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

regulates endocrine activity of the adrenal cortex

A

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC (ACTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

influences growth and activity of thyroid gland

A

THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

2 gonadtropic hormones

A
  1. FSH

2. LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

stimulates follicle development in ovaries and development of sperm in testes

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

triggers ovulation of egg in females and production of testosterone

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

hypothalamus is regulated by what gland

A

PITUITARY

43
Q

2 Hormones of posterior pituitary gland:

A
  1. oxytocin

2. ADH

44
Q

stimulates contractions of uterus during labour

A

OXYTOCIN

45
Q

causes milk ejection

A

OXYTOCIN

46
Q

induces labour

A

OXYTOCIN

47
Q

causes a positive feedback loop

A

OXYTOCIN

48
Q

promotes water absorption

A

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

49
Q

drinking alcohol inhibits the secretion of this hormone

A

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

50
Q

this gland hangs from the roof of the third ventricle of the brain

A

PINEAL GLAND

51
Q

secretes MELATONIN

A

PINEAL GLAND

52
Q

establishes sleep cycle

A

PINEAL GLAND

53
Q

affects moods - serotonin

A

PINEAL GLAND

54
Q

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

PINEAL GLAND

55
Q

this gland is found at the base of the throat and consists of 2 lobes

A

THYROID GLAND

56
Q

thyroid gland produces 2 hormones

A
  1. thyroid hormone

2. calcitonin

57
Q

this hormone is the major metabolic hormone

A

THYROID HORMONE

58
Q

increases rate of metabolism of all cells

A

THYROID HORMONE

59
Q

important in process of normal tissue growth and development

A

THYROID HORMONE

60
Q

targets all cells in the body

A

THYROID HORMONE

61
Q

3 examples of THYROID disorders

A
  1. GOITER (enlarged thyroid)
  2. MYXEDEMA (physical and mental fatigue)
  3. GRAVE’S DISEASE (increased metabolism
62
Q

decreases blood calcium levels by depositing in into the bone and increasing calcium storage

A

CALCITONIN

63
Q

opposite to parathyroid hormone

A

CALCITONIN

64
Q

tiny masses on posterior of thyroid

A

PARATHYROID GLAND

65
Q

parathyroid gland secretes this hormone

A

PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH)

66
Q

removes calcium from bones to raise calcium in blood

A

PARATHYROID HORMONE

67
Q

2 hormones involved in calcium homeostasis

A
  1. calcitonin

2. parathyroid hormone

68
Q

these glands sit on top of the kidneys

A

ADRENAL GLANDS

69
Q

2 parts of the adrenal glands

A
  1. adrenal cortex

2. adrenal medulla

70
Q

3 hormones secreted by adrenal cortex

A
  1. mineralocorticoid (ALDOSTERONE)2. glucocorticoids (CORTISOL)3. gonadocorticoid (ANDROGEN - sex hormone)
71
Q

hormone produced from adrenal cortex that regulates mineral content

A

MINERALOCORTICOID

72
Q

hormone produced from adrenal cortex that helps resist long-term stressors by increasing blood glucose levels

A

GLUCOCORTICOID - CORTISOL

73
Q

sex hormone produced by adrenal cortex

A

GONADOCORTICOID - ANDROGEN

74
Q

2 adrenal cortex disorders

A
  1. ADDISON’S DISEASE (bronze skin)

2. CUSHING’S SYNDROME (buffalo hump)

75
Q

2 hormones produced by adrenal medula

A
  1. epinephrine (adrenaline)

2. norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

76
Q

adrenaline & noradrenaline are part of the ‘fight or flight’ response of the _________ nervous system

A

sympathetic

77
Q

short-term stress hormones:

A
  • epinephrine & norepinephrine (adrenaline)
78
Q

long-term hormones:

A
  • mineralcorticoids- glucocorticoids (cortisol)
79
Q

2 hormones produced by pancreatic islets

A
  1. insulin

2. glucagon

80
Q

this hormone lowers blood sugar levels

A

insulin

81
Q

this hormone increases blood sugar levels

A

glucagon

82
Q

2 hormones involved in blood sugar homeostasis

A

glucagon and insulin

83
Q

2 types of diabetes caused by homeostatic imbalance

A
  1. diabetes type 1 - requires insulin

2. diabetes type 2 - insulin resistant

84
Q

this gland is located posterior to the sternum

A

THYMUS GLAND

85
Q

this gland is largest in infants and then atrophies as we age

A

THYMUS GLAND

86
Q

this gland produces THYMOSIN

A

THYMUS GLAND

87
Q

this hormone is important in developing immune system

A

THYMOSIN

88
Q

2 GONAD glands

A
  1. ovaries

2. testes

89
Q

2 hormones present in OVARIES

A
  1. estrogen

2. progesterone

90
Q

hormone present in testes

A
  • TESTOSTERONE (an androgen)
91
Q

this hormone promotes and maintains female sexual characteristics

A

ESTROGEN

92
Q

this hormone acts with estrogen to bring about menstrual cycle

A

PROGESTERONE

93
Q

helps in the implantation of embryo

A

PROGESTERONE

94
Q

helps prepare breasts to lactate

A

PROGESTERONE

95
Q

regulation of ovarian hormone secretion depends on changing levels of these 2 hormones

A

FSH & LH

96
Q

this is the most important androgen

A

TESTOSTERONE

97
Q

this hormone is responsible for adult male sex characteristics

A

TESTOSTERONE

98
Q

this hormone promotes growth and maturation of male reproductive system

A

TESTOSTERONE

99
Q

this hormone is required for sperm cell production

A

TESTOSTERONE

100
Q

this organ produces hormones that are present only during pregnancy

A

PLACENTA

101
Q

this hormone produces human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) - detectable by pregnancy tests

A

PLACENTA

102
Q

hormone produced by the heart

A

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

103
Q

ANP is antagonistic to what 2 hormones

A

ADH and aldosterone

Anatomy and Physiology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions