Studies and risk factors of CVD

Question 1

how do you calculate risk

Answer 1

total population/ how many people affected
= 1 in however many will ….
1/ however many x 100 = percentage

Question 2

controllable risk factors of CVD

Answer 2

high blood pressure
high LDL blood cholesterol
lack of exercise
high fat/ salt intake
stress
smoking
obesity
excess alcohol intake

Question 3

non-controllable risk factors of CVD

Answer 3

age
genetics
gender

Question 4

what are the features of a cohort study

Answer 4

large groups of people studied overtime to see who does and does not develop disease
no one has disease at beginning of study
people are exposed to suspected risks to see if they develop disease
correlations are recorded
prospective study (over a period of time)

Question 5

what are the features of a case-control study

Answer 5

group of people with disease are compared to a group of people without the disease
collect information about risk factors they have been exposed to during life
retrospective study (looks back in time, looks at people who already have disease)

Question 6

why is it important to have a large sample size

Answer 6

so results could not have occurred by chance
help identify outliers

Question 7

a claim was made that drinking large amounts of milk increased the risk of death
suggest why this claim may not be true

Answer 7

other factors (smoking, obesity, age ect.)
only once study made
only studied in one country
could be other variables which had an affect

Question 8

why do you need to control variables

Answer 8

so independent variable (risk factor) being investigated is the only variable contributing to the development of the disease