Lipids and triglycerides

Question 1

what is a lipid

Answer 1

organic fats and oils
stored as energy in plants and animals

Question 2

are lipids soluble in water and if so why

Answer 2

lipids are insoluble
non polar
hydrophobic

Question 3

what are triglycerides made of

Answer 3

one molecule of glycerol
three molecules of fatty acid

Question 4

what is the structure of glycerol

Answer 4

C3 H8 03
has three hydroxyl groups

Question 5

what is the structure of a fatty acid

Answer 5

long hydrocarbon chain
has a carboxyl group at the end of it (COOH)
can be saturated or unsaturated

Question 6

how is a triglyceride formed (reactions, bonds between things ect)

Answer 6

condensation reaction happens between H on glycerol and OH on fatty acid creates H2O
ester bond formed (COO) esterification
happens 3x for each fatty acid connecting to glycerol molecule
glycerol + 3 fatty acids —- triglyceride + 3 H2O

Question 7

process of breaking a triglyceride

Answer 7

lipase enzyme break ester bonds
releases glycerol and 3 fatty acids
needs 3 molecules of water
hydrolysis reaction

Question 8

what are the properties of a triglyceride

Answer 8

non polar molecules
hydrophobic
insoluble in water
a lot of energy is released from triglycerides because of carbon + hydrogen bonds

Question 9

what is the structure of a saturated fatty acid

Answer 9

long and straight hydrocarbon chain
only c-c carbon bonds
closely packed chains
insoluble in water
solid at room temperature

Question 10

what is the structure of a monounsaturated fatty acid

Answer 10

have one c=c double covalent bond
still contains c-c bonds
liquid at room temperature
kink in chain means its less compact
insoluble in water

Question 11

what is the structure of a polyunsaturated fatty acid

Answer 11

many c=c double bonds
still contain c-c bonds
liquid at room temperature
many kinks in its chain meaning its not compact