Carbohydrates mono, di, poly Flashcards
what are all biological molecules made up of
monosaccharides
what are the 3 monosaccharides
glucose (hexagon shape)
galactose (hexagon shape)
fructose (pentagon shape)
are monosaccharides soluble and if so why
yes they are soluble
form bonds between OH- and H+ ions in water
polar molecules
are monosaccharides rapid sources of energy and if so why
yes they are rapid sources of energy
require little to no change before being used for respiration
what are the 3 disaccharides and what monomers are they made of
maltose - glucose and glucose
sucrose - glucose and fructose
lactose - glucose and galactose
what is the reaction called that creates disaccharides
condensation reaction
what type of bond is formed between disaccharides
1-4 glycosidic bonds
formed between the first carbon and fourth carbon in a monosaccharide
how is a condensation reaction formed
when two monomers join together
one H and one OH are covalently joined and create H2O molecule
what reaction splits a disaccharide into 2 monomers
hydrolysis reaction
how does a hydrolysis reaction work
H2O is added back into disaccharide
breaks down glycosidic bonds
can be used to break down polymers as well
what does a hydrolase enzyme do
an enzyme which uses water to break down glycosidic bonds
divides larger molecules into smaller molecules
what are the 3 main polysaccharides found in food
glycogen
starch
cellulose
important features of glycogen
stored in the liver and muscles
animals store glycogen
branched structure
1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
made of alpha glucose
rapidly hydrolysed
important features of starch
plants store starch made of alpha glucose
rapidly hydrolysed
compact
made of 2 polysaccharides
what 2 polysaccharides are starch made of
amylose
amylopectin
