Risk factors for CVD

Question 1

obesity

Answer 1

raises blood pressure
increased risk of CVD, CHD stroke and type II diabetes
excess fat can build up in arteries

Question 2

type II diabetes

Answer 2

blood vessels become damaged due to constant high glucose levels
arteries develop fatty deposits atherosclerosis

Question 3

smoking

Answer 3

carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin instead of oxygen
reduced supply of oxygen to cells
hormone adrenaline is released increasing blood pressure
atherosclerosis

Question 4

inactivity

Answer 4

increases blood pressure
fatty material deposits in artery
atherosclerosis
heart works harder to push blood around body

Question 5

heredity +genes

Answer 5

LDLR gene -cholesterol not removed from blood
apolipoprotein B- higher LDL levels in blood
apolipoprotein E- slow removal of cholesterol from blood
apolipoprotein A- reduces removal of cholesterol (low HDL levels)

Question 6

low levels of antioxidants

Answer 6

antioxidants said to protect against heart disease
unstable molecule (free radical) occur when atom has unpaired electron
radicals cause damage
encourage LDL to stick to artery walls

Question 7

high salt

Answer 7

causes kidneys to retain water
higher fluid levels in blood increases blood pressure

Question 8

high stress

Answer 8

adrenaline causes vasoconstriction of arteries
increasing blood pressure
can lead to over eating, excessive alcohol consumption

Question 9

high alcohol intake

Answer 9

can contribute to obesity
liver and tissue damage
stops liver from removing glucose + lipids from blood
increases blood glucose

Question 10

caffeine

Answer 10

increases heart rate and blood pressure
atherosclerosis