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Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

Milgram experiment year and name

A

Behavioural study of Obedience, 1963

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2
Q

Milgram AIM

A

Investigating lengths that people will go to obey direct commands from an authority figure

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3
Q

Milgram IV, DV, and direction

A

IV: Authority figure’s instructions

DV: Level of obedience shown by participants

Direction: Higher levels of authority would result in higher levels of obedience

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4
Q

Milgram participants and sampling

A

40 male, 20-50 years in age
Newspaper (self selection sampling)

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5
Q

Milgram key findings

A
  • All participants administered a minimum of 300 volts
  • 65% of participants obeyed orders all the way through until 450 volts
  • 14 participants eventually refused to obey experimenter
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6
Q

Milgram strengths

A
  • Ground-breaking insights into human behaviour with obedience
  • High internal validity
  • Replicability
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7
Q

Milgram limitations

A
  • Participants did not give informed consent as the true purpose was not disclosed
  • Participants were told to continue after wanting to stop, (violation of withdrawal rights)
  • Many participants experienced intense stress and psychological harm during study
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8
Q

Milgram application to real world context

A
  • Understanding atrocities and war crimes
  • Military and government obedience
  • Corporate and workplace settings
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9
Q

Asch experiment year and name

A

Line judgment task, 1951

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10
Q

Asch AIM

A

To explore the conditions that would cause individuals to either resist or succumb to group pressures.

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11
Q

Asch, IV, DV and direction

A

IV: The responses of the confederate (correct or incorrect)

DV: The level of conformity displayed by the participant

Direction: Participants would be more likely to conform to incorrect answers when group pressure to conform was high

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12
Q

Asch Participants and sampling

A

87 Male college students, volunteered, self selection sampling

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13
Q

Asch key findings

A
  • 74% in experimental group conformed on at least one of the 12 critical trials whie 26% did not
  • In control group, 2 participants conformed on one critical trial.
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14
Q

Asch strengths

A
  • Provided great insight into the conditions which people conform
  • Simple and replicable design
  • High internal validity
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15
Q

Asch limitations

A
  • Used a bias sample as all participants were male college students in same year group limiting generalisability
  • While deception was required, some participants may have ben embarassed.
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16
Q

Asch application to real world context

A
  • Peer pressure and group dynamics
  • Decision making in organizations
  • Legal systems
17
Q

Latane and Darley year and name

A

Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies - smoke filled room, 1968

18
Q

Latane and Darley AIM

A

To observe the behaviour of bystanders in an emergency

19
Q

Latane and Darley IV, DV and direction

A

IV: The number of people in the room (whether participant was with confederates or not)

DV: The speed and likelihood of participant reporting the smoke

Direction: Participants would be less likely to report the smoke when they were in a group.

20
Q

Latane and Darley participants and sampling

A

87 male college students at Colombia University, selected via convenience sampling

21
Q

Latane and Darley key findings

A
  • 75% of participants who were alone reported the smoke
  • 10% of participants in a group with 2 passive confederates reported smoke
  • 38% of participants in a group of 3 reported smoke
22
Q

Latane and Darley strengths

A
  • Real world relevance
  • Controlled environment
  • Practical applicaton
23
Q

Latane and Darley limitations

A
  • Study was only conducted ith males reducing generalisability
  • Not realistic as confederates were told not to respond to smoke
  • Used titanium dioxide, physical safety of participants was not upheld
24
Q

Latane and Darley application to real world context

A
  • Understanding bystander effect in emergencies
  • Public safety campaigns
  • Training for emergency responders

Psychology (18 decks)

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