Studies

Question 1

Milgram experiment year and name

Answer 1

Behavioural study of Obedience, 1963

Question 2

Milgram AIM

Answer 2

Investigating lengths that people will go to obey direct commands from an authority figure

Question 3

Milgram IV, DV, and direction

Answer 3

IV: Authority figure’s instructions

DV: Level of obedience shown by participants

Direction: Higher levels of authority would result in higher levels of obedience

Question 4

Milgram participants and sampling

Answer 4

40 male, 20-50 years in age
Newspaper (self selection sampling)

Question 5

Milgram key findings

Answer 5

• All participants administered a minimum of 300 volts
• 65% of participants obeyed orders all the way through until 450 volts
• 14 participants eventually refused to obey experimenter

Question 6

Milgram strengths

Answer 6

• Ground-breaking insights into human behaviour with obedience
• High internal validity
• Replicability

Question 7

Milgram limitations

Answer 7

• Participants did not give informed consent as the true purpose was not disclosed
• Participants were told to continue after wanting to stop, (violation of withdrawal rights)
• Many participants experienced intense stress and psychological harm during study

Question 8

Milgram application to real world context

Answer 8

• Understanding atrocities and war crimes
• Military and government obedience
• Corporate and workplace settings

Question 9

Asch experiment year and name

Answer 9

Line judgment task, 1951

Question 10

Asch AIM

Answer 10

To explore the conditions that would cause individuals to either resist or succumb to group pressures.

Question 11

Asch, IV, DV and direction

Answer 11

IV: The responses of the confederate (correct or incorrect)

DV: The level of conformity displayed by the participant

Direction: Participants would be more likely to conform to incorrect answers when group pressure to conform was high

Question 12

Asch Participants and sampling

Answer 12

87 Male college students, volunteered, self selection sampling

Question 13

Asch key findings

Answer 13

• 74% in experimental group conformed on at least one of the 12 critical trials whie 26% did not
• In control group, 2 participants conformed on one critical trial.

Question 14

Asch strengths

Answer 14

• Provided great insight into the conditions which people conform
• Simple and replicable design
• High internal validity

Question 15

Asch limitations

Answer 15

• Used a bias sample as all participants were male college students in same year group limiting generalisability
• While deception was required, some participants may have ben embarassed.

Question 16

Asch application to real world context

Answer 16

• Peer pressure and group dynamics
• Decision making in organizations
• Legal systems

Question 17

Latane and Darley year and name

Answer 17

Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies - smoke filled room, 1968

Question 18

Latane and Darley AIM

Answer 18

To observe the behaviour of bystanders in an emergency

Question 19

Latane and Darley IV, DV and direction

Answer 19

IV: The number of people in the room (whether participant was with confederates or not)

DV: The speed and likelihood of participant reporting the smoke

Direction: Participants would be less likely to report the smoke when they were in a group.

Question 20

Latane and Darley participants and sampling

Answer 20

87 male college students at Colombia University, selected via convenience sampling

Question 21

Latane and Darley key findings

Answer 21

• 75% of participants who were alone reported the smoke
• 10% of participants in a group with 2 passive confederates reported smoke
• 38% of participants in a group of 3 reported smoke

Question 22

Latane and Darley strengths

Answer 22

• Real world relevance
• Controlled environment
• Practical applicaton

Question 23

Latane and Darley limitations

Answer 23

• Study was only conducted ith males reducing generalisability
• Not realistic as confederates were told not to respond to smoke
• Used titanium dioxide, physical safety of participants was not upheld

Question 24

Latane and Darley application to real world context

Answer 24

• Understanding bystander effect in emergencies
• Public safety campaigns
• Training for emergency responders