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Psychology > Ethics and Biological Psychology > Flashcards

Ethics and Biological Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Do no harm

A

Ethics in research ensures the safety and well being of participants. Physical and psychological

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2
Q

Ethics committee

A

A group who independently review research proposals to ensure it meets all relevant ethical requirements.

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3
Q

Participant rights

A
  • Informed consent
  • Withdrawl rights
  • Deception
  • Confidentiality
  • Privacy
  • Voluntaty participation
  • Debriefing
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4
Q

Informed consent

A

Legalities (know the risks)
Competency (age, considered competent)

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5
Q

Confidentiality

A

Refers to participants right to privacy

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6
Q

Privacy

A

Refers to protecting participants from unwanted information into their private lives.

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7
Q

The difference between privacy and confidentiality

A

Privacy relates to what information is collected, whereas confidentiality refers to how the information is dealt with

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8
Q

Anonymity

A

Refers to the data being traced back to the person

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9
Q

Debriefing

A

Deception must be explained to participants as early as feasible.

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10
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of

A

Brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of

A

Somatic and autonomic nervous system

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12
Q

Central nervous system role

A

Receiving, processing and responding to sensory information

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13
Q

Autonomic system

A

Subconscious (automatic) and further divided into two functions. Parasympathetic and sympathetic.

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14
Q

Parasympathetic division

A

Seeks to return the body to normal levels of arousal (rest and digest)

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15
Q

Sympathetic division

A

Emergency arousal system that activated when danger is perceived (fight or flight)

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16
Q

Somatic system

A

Controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

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17
Q

Sensory nerves (afferent)

A

Carry information towards the CNS

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18
Q

Motor nerves (efferent)

A

Carry information from the CNS

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19
Q

Things the parasympathetic division does

A

Pupils constrict
Salivation
Airways constrict
Heart rate slows
Stomach digests
Intensities digest
Bladder constricts
Reproductive system increases blood flow

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20
Q

Things the sympathetic division does

A

Pupils dilate
Saliva inhibited
Airways dialate
Heart rate increases
Stomac inhibits digestion
Liver releases glucose
Intestines inhibit digestion
Kidneys release adrenaline
Bladder relaxes
Reproductive system decreases blood flow

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21
Q

What’s a neuron for

A

A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system and is specialised to transmit information throughout the body

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22
Q

Structure of the neuron

A
  1. Cell body
  2. Axon
  3. Dendrites
  4. Myelin sheath
  5. Synapse
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23
Q

Cell body function

A

Factory of the neuron, produces all the proteins for the dendrites, axons and synaptic terminals.

24
Q

Axon function

A

Main conducting unit of the neuron capable of carrying electrical signals along distances.

25
Q

Dendrite function

A

Branch out in tree like fashion and serve as the main apparatus for receiving signals from other nerve.

26
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Wraps around certain nerve axons serving as an electrical insulate.

27
Q

Synapse function

A

Structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell.

28
Q

What are neurotransmitters

A

A chemical substance which is released at the end of a nerve fibre but the arrival of a nerve impulse. They enable neural transmission

29
Q

Inter neurons

A

Act as the connection between sensory neurons and motor neurons and transfers messages from sensory neurons to motor neurons within the CNS

30
Q

The spinal cord

A

A long thin bundle of nerve fibres that extend from the base of the brain to the lower back.

31
Q

2 functions of spinal cord

A
  1. Receive sensory information from the body (in the PNS)
  2. Receive motor information from the brain
    Eg an itch on your toe
32
Q

3 parts of the brain

A
  1. Hindbrain
  2. Midbrain
  3. Forebrain
33
Q

Hindbrain

A

Coordinates sensory and motor messages entering and leaving. Responsible for balance and coordination.

34
Q

Medulla

A

Lowest part of brainstem, relays info between spinal cord and brain. (Respiration and circulation)

35
Q

Cerebellum

A

Structure at the lower back of the brain sitting underneath the cerebrum. Responsible for the coordination l of smooth well sequenced movements, as well maintaining balance.

36
Q

Midbrain

A

Smallest portion of the brainstem and its most cranial structure.

37
Q

Reticular formation

A

Complex network of nuclei located within the length of the brainstem that runs through the centre of the brain stem and upward through the midbrain.

38
Q

Forebrain

A

The largest part of the brain that plays a key role in cognition behaviour and processing sensory information.

39
Q

Thalamus

A

Double lobedd structure located just above brainstem. Acts as a relay station for sensory information.

40
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Small structure that sits before the thalamus and regulates numerous physiological processes including sleep, hunger etc

41
Q

Cerebrum

A

The largest part of the brain and controls voluntary movement sensations, learning remembering thinking and emotional consciousness.

42
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated axons and found closer to the centre of the brain

43
Q

Grey matter

A

Neuronal cell bodies, mainly outer cortex

44
Q

All lobes

A
  1. Frontal lobe
  2. Parietal lobe
  3. Occipital lobe
  4. Temporal lobe
45
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Involved in speaking and muscle movement and in making plans and judgements. Biggest lobe of the brain

46
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Receiving and processing sensory input such as touch, pressure, heat, cold and pain.

47
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Include the visual areas which receive visual information from the opposite visual field

48
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Include the auditory areas, each of which receives auditory information primary from the opposite ear.

49
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

The outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum of the brain in humans and other mammals.

50
Q

Corpus collosum

A

Large bundle of neural fibres (white matter) connecting the two hemispheres.

51
Q

Left hemisphere specialisation

A

Verbal and analytical (receive and process information from right side of body

52
Q

Right hemisphere specialisation

A

Creative and appreciation (Receive and process information from left side of body)

53
Q

Broccas area

A

A region in the frontal lobe with functions liked to speech production. Only on left side of brain.

54
Q

Wernickes area

A

Located in temporal lobe. Controls ability to understand meaning of words. Only left side of brain

55
Q

What happens in the synapse

A

Electrical nerve impulses travel to the axon terminal of a pre synaptic neuron. The action potential causes an influx of calcium ions which causes a neurotransmitter to be released by vesicles and into transporters.

56
Q

Presyaptic neuron and post synaptic neuron

A

A presynaptic neuron transmits the signal toward a synapse, whereas a postsynaptic neuron transmits the signal away from the synapse.

Psychology (19 decks)

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