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Social influence test Flashcards

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1
Q

Kelman’s social influence theory

A

Social influence occurs when the real or implied presence of people influences the behaviour and attitudes of others. (Obedience and conformity are types of social influence)

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2
Q

Compliance

A

Form of social influence where behaviour is changed in response to a direct or indirect request by another person. (Slowing down when somone sees a speed camera on the freeway, inidvidual may not believe there should be speed limits but slow down to avoid recieving a fine)

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3
Q

Compliance influencing agent

A

People who have the power to rewards and punish (Government, banks, boss)

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4
Q

Identification

A

Arises when people change their attitudes or behaviours because they want to establish or sustain a satisfying relationship with another person. (Students cooperating with teachers, in order to receive resources and mentoring.)

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5
Q

Identification influencing agent

A

People that other believe having a relationship with would be important, (lawyer, teacher, personal trainer)

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6
Q

Internalisation

A

The individual accepts influence because the attitude or behaviour of the group is in line with those of the individual. (People who take their pets to the vet will follow the vet’s health advice)

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7
Q

Internalisation influencing agent

A

People who have credibility due to being trustworthy, and an expert in their field (medical practioner)

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8
Q

Obedience

A

Changing behaviour in response to a direct order by an authority figure.

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9
Q

Social response to authority

A

People who obey an authority figure usually do so to avoid punishment OR have a strong belief in the authority figure.

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10
Q

Conformity

A

Changing behaviour to align with those of a group due to real or implied pressure.

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11
Q

Normative influence

A

Occurs when people conform because they want to be accepted by the group and not stand out.

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12
Q

Informational influence

A

Occurs when people conform because they would like to be correct and currently lack the information needed to be sure of their opinion or belief.

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13
Q

Individualistic cultures

A

Value people standing out as an individual. (Australia, UK, US, Europe)

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14
Q

Collectivist cultures

A

Value the needs of the group over individual interests. (China, Singapore, Indonesia, Colombia)

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15
Q

When does conformity increase/decrease (Group size)

A

Rates of conformity increase as group size increases. Groups of 3-5 members having highest conformity levels. Once group size exceeds 5 little impact is made to the degree of conformity between members.

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16
Q

Antisocial behaviour

A

Behaviour that harms society and its members by intentionally violating the rights of others.

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17
Q

Unanimity

A

When people all agree about the same thing. When a group lacks unanimity level of conformity decreases.

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18
Q

Deindividuation

A

The process whereby people have reduced self-awareness and feel less inhibited in group situations

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19
Q

Social loafing

A

The tendency for an individual to reduce their effort when working in a group

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20
Q

Sucker effect

A

An individual reducing their effort when working in a group after realising other group members are not putting in the effort.

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21
Q

Free-rider effect

A

An individual reducing their effort when working in a group because they believe other group can complete the task without their impact.

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22
Q

Diffusion of responisbility

A

A reduction in personal responsibility when in a group, resulting in the individual being less likely to act.

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23
Q

Audience inhibition

A

Failure to intervene in an emergency in the presence of others due to fear of being negatively judged.

24
Q

Cost benefit analysis

A

The psychological process of weighing up the benefit of performing a behaviour, with the potential cost of the behaviour.

25
Q

Groupthink

A

Group members conform to make unanimous decisions without using critical reasoning. (Heavens gate)

26
Q

Factors influencing antisocial behaviour.

A
  • Diffusion of responsibility
  • Audience inhibition
  • Social influence
  • Cost benefit analysis
  • Groupthink
27
Q

Bystander

A

A person present at an event but not taking part

28
Q

Bystander effect

A

Proposes the more people present, the less likely help will be offered by any of the individuals. (Kitty genovese)

29
Q

Bullying

A

The purposeful use of a difference in power to repeatedly cause physical, psychological or social harm.

30
Q

Types of bullying

A

Physical
Verbal
Social
Cyber

31
Q

Who experiences different types of bullying

A

Physical - Typically children (boys)
Verbal - Anyone (workplaces)
Social - Typically among girls
Cyberbullying - Teens-adults

32
Q

How to reduce bullying

A
  • Antibullying policies
  • Open communication
  • Positive work/school environment
33
Q

Attitude

A

An evaluation made up of the feelings, beliefs and behaviours toward a person, social group, event or social group.

34
Q

Attitude object

A

The target of judgement related to an attitude, such as an object, person, event or social group

35
Q

Implicit attitudes

A

Unconscious judgements held toward an attitude object. More difficult for participants to draw responses and more likely to produce true and consistent responses.

36
Q

Explicit attitudes

A

Conscious judgements held toward an attitude object. Measured via self report tests, (rating scale or survery but easliy manipulated by participant)

37
Q

Tripartite model

A
  1. Affect
  2. Behaviour
  3. Cognition
38
Q

Affect

A

Feelings associated with the attitude object

39
Q

Behaviour

A

Actions past and planned associated with the attitude object

40
Q

Cognition

A

Thoughts associated with the attitude object.

41
Q

Theory of cognitive dissonance

A

A feeling of mental discomfort when contradictory information is perceived by a person.

42
Q

Effect of cognitive dissonance on behaviour

A

Avoidance
Reduction
Rationalisation

43
Q

Avoidance

A

People are inclined to avoid encountering situations and new information that could increase cognitive dissonance.

44
Q

Reduction

A

To experience a balance between the reality of the world around them, and the expectations people have of their life, cognitive dissonance is continually being reduced.

45
Q

Rationalisation

A

Individuals experiencing cognitive dissonance tend to rationalise or justify their behaviour.

46
Q

Magnitude as a factor affecting cognitive dissonance

A

Magnitude is a subjective measure of the level of discomfort an individual feels when they experience cognitive dissonance. The greater the magnitude of dissonance, the greater the pressure felt to reduce it.

47
Q

2 factors that predict the amount of discomfort felt due to cognitive dissonance

A
  1. The more value an individual places on either of the two conflicting cognitions, the greater the magnitude of the dissonance.
  2. The maximum level of dissonance an individual can manage before needing to reduce the discomfort.
48
Q

Responses to cognitive dissonance

A

Change beliefs
Change behaviour
Change perception of the action

49
Q

Attribution

A

The process of attaching meaning to our behaviour, or the behaviour of others by looking for causes to explain the behaviour.

50
Q

Situational attribution

A

Assigning the cause of behaviour to environmental factors external to the person (social situations and social pressure)

51
Q

Dispositional attribution

A

Assigning the cause of behaviour to internal factors within the person (personality, ability and motivation)

52
Q

Social identity

A

The sense of self in terms of group membership

53
Q

Social categorisation

A

The innate process of placing people we come across into groups based on shared characteristics. (Age, sex, race)

54
Q

Ingroup

A

The group an individual associates with

55
Q

Outgroup

A

Any group an individual does not belong to.

Psychology (18 decks)

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