Structure of the Thoracic wall and Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the thoracic skeleton

A

12 pairs of ribs
12 thoracic vertebra
sternum

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2
Q

The Superior thoracic aperture communicates which structures with each other

A

thoracic cavity to upper limb and neck.

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3
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture

A

behind: T1 vertebra
infront: 1st rib
sides: manubrium of sternum

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4
Q

The inferior thoracic aperture communicates which structures with each other

A

thoracic cavity with the abdomen

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5
Q

Which structure closes the inferior thoracic aperture

A

diaphragm

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6
Q

What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture

A

behind: T12
sides: 11th & 12th ribs
front: xiphisternum

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7
Q

What are the 2 joints in the sternum

A

Manubriosternal joint (sternal angle)

Xiphisternal joint

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8
Q

The Xiphisternal joint corresponds with which rib and which vertebra

A

7th rib

T9 vertebra

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of ribs

A

True
False
Floating

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10
Q

Which ribs are true ribs

A

1st -7th ribs

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11
Q

Which ribs are false ribs

A

8th – 10th ribs

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12
Q

Which ribs are floating ribs

A

11th & 12th ribs

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13
Q

What makes a false rib what it is

A

cartilages of these ribs are joined to the cartilages of the ribs above

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14
Q

What makes a floating rib what it is

A

no cartilages in front, articulates with vertebrae behind

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15
Q

The sternal angle corresponds with which rib and which vertebra

A

2nd rib

T4/T5

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16
Q

Which surgical procedure can be used to gain access to thoracic cavity for surgical procedures on heart and great vessels

A

Median sternotomy

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17
Q

Which surgical procedure can be used to enter pleural cavity

A

Thoracotomy

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18
Q

What are the three types of intercostal muscles

A

External intercostal, Internal intercostal and Innermost intercostal muscle

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19
Q

What is the arrangement of structures of the neurovascular bundle from superior to inferior

A

Vein, Artery and Nerve

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20
Q

Nerves of the thoracic wall are located between which 2 layers of muscle

A

internal intercostal muscle and innermost intercostal muscle (between 2nd and 3rd layer of muscle)

21
Q

Which nerves supply the intercostal space

A

Intercostal nerves, anterior rami of T1- T11 spinal nerves including T12 (subcostal nerve) supply the intercostal spaces

22
Q

Each intercostal space is supplied by which arteries

A

a posterior intercostal artery and a pair of anterior intercostal arteries

23
Q

posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries arise from which vessel

A

thoracic aorta

24
Q

internal thoracic and supreme intercostal arteries arise from which vessel

A

subclavian artery

25
superior and lateral thoracic arteries arise from which vessel
axillary artery
26
Which veins drain the thoracic wall
Anterior and Posterior intercostal veins
27
The posterior intercostal veins drain into which veins
azygos/ hemiazygos veins
28
The anterior intercostal veins drain into which veins
internal thoracic veins
29
Which part of the ribs move like a "pump handle" during breathing
upper ribs
30
Which part of the ribs move like a "bucket-handle" during breathing
middle parts of the lower ribs
31
The primary movement of inspiration is contraction of which structure
The diaphragm
32
Contraction of the diaphragm increased which dimension (vertical, horizontal) of the thoracic cavity
Vertical
33
Intercostal nerve blocks require how many adjacent intercostal spaces to be completely anesthetized
2 or more
34
Which dome of the diaphragm is higher
right
35
What is another name for the trifoliate tendinous part of the diaphragm
central tendon
36
The diaphragm is attached to which sternal part
posterior part of xiphoid process
37
The diaphragm is attached to which costal part
inner surface of lower six ribs and their costal cartilages
38
The diaphragm is attached to which lumbar part
Upper 3 lumbar vertebrae, medial and lateral arcuate ligaments
39
What passes through the caval opening of the diaphragm
IVC, right phrenic nerve and some lymphatics from liver
40
What passes through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm
esophagus, anterior & posterior vagal trunks, esophageal branches of left gastric vessels and lymphatics
41
What passes through the aorta opening of the diaphragm
descending aorta, azygos vein and thoracic duct
42
The caval opening in the diaphragm is at which vertebral level
T8
43
The esophageal opening in the diaphragm is at which vertebral level
T10
44
The aortic opening in the diaphragm is at which vertebral level
T12
45
The lymphatic vessels from liver and superior epigastric vessels are transmitted through which opening in the diaphragm
sternocostal foramen
46
The greater and lesser splanchnic nerves travel through which opening of the diaphragm
Crura of the diaphragam
47
What is the motor supply of the diaphragm
Right and left phrenic nerves
48
What is the sensory supply of the disphragm
Phrenic nerve (most part) Lower six intercostal nerves (periphery)