Anatomy of Nasal Cavity & Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards
What is the superior extended part of the alimentary canal called
Pharynx
What is the extent of the pharynx
Extends from base of the skull to the inferior border of cricoid cartilage (level of the 6th cervical vertebra
What are the three divisions of the pharynx
Naso-pharynx
Oro-pharynx
Laryngo-pharynx
What is the approximate length of the pharynx
12 to 14cm
What is the approximate width of the pharynx
max. 5cm
min. 1.5
What constitutes the bony part of the nose
Nasal bone
frontal process of maxilla
nasal notch of frontal bone
What is another name for the lower lateral nasal cartilage
alar cartilage
The septum of the nose consists of (bone or cartilage)
Cartilage
Which branch of the ophthalmic artery supplies the nose
dorsal nasal branch
Which branch of the maxillary artery supplies the nose
infra-orbital branch
Which branch of the facial artery supplies the nose
alar and septal branches
which branch of the opthalmic nerve supplies the nose
External nasal and infra-trochlear branches
Which branch of the maxillary nerve
infra orbital
The nose extends from which structure to which structure (anterior to posterior)
anterior nares (nostrils) to the posterior aperture (choanae)
What is the choana made up of (bone or cartilage)
Bones
Choana is present between which structures
vomer (medial pterygoid body of the sphenoid) and the hard palate
Which structure close to the anterior nares is lined by skin and hair
vestibule
What are the three divisions of the roof of the nasal cavity
Fronto-nasal (anterior)
Ethmoidal (intermediate)
Spenoidal (posterior)
What form the floor of the nasal cavity
Hard palate
True or false
the nasal septum is often deflected from median plane
True
What are the principal bony parts of the nasal septum
Vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Apart from the septal cartilage, which other cartilage can be found in the nasal septum
Vomero-nasal organ (organ of Jacobson)
What is the purpose of the nasal conchae and how many are there
Humidify air and increase surface area
there are 3
what is the space underneath each conchae called
A meatus
where in the nasal cavity is the naso-lacrimal duct is present
anterior of inferior meatus
Which structures are present in the middle meatus
Bulla ethmoidalis and Hiatus semilunaris
The opening of which air sinus is present in the bulla ethmoidalis
middle ethmoidal air sinus
The opening of which air sinus is present in the hiatus semilunaris (not the anterior part)
maxillary air sinus
The opening of which air sinus is present in the anterior part of the hiatus semilunaris
anterior ethmoidal and frontal air sinus
The opening of which air sinus is present in the meatus
posterior ethmoidal air sinus
Which recess in present above and behind superior concha
spheno-ethmoidal recess
Which structure contains the opening of the sphenoidal air sinus
spheno-ethmoidal recess
Which branches of the ophthalmic artery supplies the medial and lateral wall of the nasal cavity
anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches
Which branches of the maxillary artery supplies the medial and lateral wall of the nasal cavity
spheno-palatine and greater palatine branches
Which branche of the facial artery supplies the medial and lateral wall of the nasal cavity
septal branches of superior labial branch
The arterial supply of the medial and lateral wall of the nasal cavity forms a highly vascularized area called what
LITTLE’S area of epistaxis (kiesslbach’s plexus)
Which nerve provides special sensation for the nasal cavity
olfactory nerve
Which nerves provide general sensation for the nasal cavity
Anterior ethmoidal nerve (V1)
Anterior superior alveolar nerve (V2)
Medial and lateral posterior superior nasal branches from pterygopalatine ganglion (V2)
Nasal branches from greater palatine nerve from pterygopalatine ganglion(V2)
Which veins drains the anterior of the nasal cavity
Facial vein
Which veins drains the posterior of the nasal cavity
Retro-pharyngeal and pterygoid venous plexus
Which veins drains the roof of the nasal cavity
inferior cerebral vein
Which lymph nodes drain the front of the nasal cavity
submandibular lymph nodes
Which lymph nodes drain the posterior of the nasal cavity
retropharyngeal and upper deep cervical lymph nodes
Which lymph nodes drain the roof of the nasal cavity
CSF of sub-arachnoid space
What are the four main groups of nasal sinuses
frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal and ethmoidal
What are the functions of the nasal sinuses
Acts as air conditioning chamber.
They act as resonating chambers for production of voice
They make facial bones lighter, and establish contour of face.
Which paranasal sinus is the largest
maxillary sinus
What are the boundaries of the maxillary sinus (apex, base, roof, floor)
Apex – zygomatic process
Base - nasal surface of maxilla
Roof – orbital surface of maxilla
Floor - alveolar process of maxilla
fracture of which bony structure in the nasal cavity can lead to anosmia and rhinorrhea
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
What is in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus
infra-orbital plexus of vessels and nerves and origin to muscles of upper lip and anterior superior alveolar nerve
What is in the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus
posterior superior alveolar nerve and vessels.
In most cases the cause of a nosebleed (epistaxis) is due to damage to which area of the nasal cavity
Kiesselbach area
What is the blood supply of the maxillary sinus
anterior and posterior alveolar vessels from maxillary artery
what is the lymph drainage of the maxillary sinus
submandibular nodes
What is the nerve supply of the maxillary sinus
Anterior ,middle and posterior superior alveolar nerve
What does the maxillary sinus communicate with
drains into middle meatus through floor of hiatus semilunaris just below the bulla ethmoidalis.
