Principles of Gas Diffusion + PFTs Flashcards

1
Q

Which law can dictate the partial pressure of a gas in a gas mixture

What is the equation

A

Dalton’s law

Px  = Fx × Ptot

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2
Q

Which law can dictate the concentration of a gas dissolved in a liquid

What is the equation

A

Henry’s Law

Cx = K × Px

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3
Q

Which law can dictate the rate of diffusion of a gas

What is the equation

A

Vx = (D x A x Px)/ T

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4
Q

Which characteristic of CO2 causes patients to develop problems in O2 diffusion through the alveolar-capillary barrier before CO2

A

CO2 has a higher solubility than O2 so it dissolves about 20x faster.

This means patients will have a more difficult time obtain O2 rather than CO2

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5
Q

If the gas does not reach diffusion equilibrium then the transport is ______ limited

A

diffusion limited

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6
Q

If the gas can reach diffusion equilibrium then the transport is ______ limited

A

perfusion limited

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7
Q

An example of a gas that is solely diffusion limited

A

CO

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8
Q

An example of a gas that is solely perfusion limited

A

N2O

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9
Q

Which gas that is usually perfusion limited can become diffusion limited when there is an abnormal alveolar-capillary barrier

A

CO2

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10
Q

Which gas that is usually perfusion limited can become diffusion limited under strenuous exercise

What mechanisms during exercise causes this

A

O2

the thickness of the blood gas barrier and alveolar hypoxia

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11
Q

Which gas is used to measure diffusion capacity of the lung and why

A

CO is used because it is a purely diffusion limited gas

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12
Q

What is the normal diffusion capacity of the lung and how do you calculate it

A

~25 ml/min/mm Hg

DLco = Vco/PAco

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13
Q

Under what circumstance does diffusion capacity of the lung increase

A

during exercise

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14
Q

Three determinants of diffusion capacity of the lung

A

area, thickness of the blood-gas barrier, and volume of blood in the pulmonary capillaries

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15
Q

Three factors that can affect the interaction of CO2 with red blood cells

A

interaction with Hb, carbonic anhydrase and Cl-HCO3 exchange

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16
Q

interstitial or alveolar edema/fibrosis can affect which factor that determines diffusion capacity of the lung

A

Blood-gas barrier (thickens the barrier)

17
Q

emphysema, tumors, low cardiac output and low pulmonary capillary blood volume can affect which factor of diffusion capacity of the lung

A

Area (decreases surface area)

18
Q

anemia and low pulmonary capillary blood volume decreases diffusion capacity of the lung because

A

there is decreased uptake by RBCs (less RBCs)

19
Q

Which condition that decreases diffusion capacity of the lung can lead to hypoxemia

A

Ventilation-perfusion mismatch

20
Q

Two categories of lung diseases

A

Restrictive and Obstructive

21
Q

Which type of lung disease is characteristic of

  • low lung volume
  • compliance curve shifted to right
  • normal or elevated FEV1/FVC

and what would the DLco be

A

Restrictive

The DLco would be normal or low

22
Q

Which type of lung disease is characteristic of

  • being episodic
  • FEV1/FVC is usually low but improves with a bronchodilator
A

Asthma (obstructive)

23
Q

Which category of obstructive lung disease is characteristic of

  • Low FEV1/FVC
  • low PEF

give examples

A

variable expiratory obstructive diseases

eg. asthama, COPD (bronchitis, emphysema)

24
Q

Variable inspiratory effects is characteristic of which type of lung disease

A

Obstructive

25
Inspiratory and expiratory effects are characteristic of which type of lung disease
Obstructive
26
Which type of lung disease is characteristic of - sputum production - DLco is normal - low Pao2, w/ cyanosis - high Paco2 - RV, FRC high
Chronic bronchitis (obstructive)
27
Which type of lung disease is characteristic of - sputum production - DLco is low - slightly low Pao2 - normal or slightly increases Paco2 - , TLC, RV, FRC high - compliance curve shifts to left
Emphysema (obstructive)
28
Does a fixed upper airway obstruction affect inhalation, exhalation or both
both equally
29
Does an intrapulmonary obstruction (emphysema) affect inhalation, exhalation or both
decreases the volume of air for both but especially affects exhalation towards the end
30
Does an intrathoracic bronchial obstruction affect inhalation, exhalation or both
exhalation
31
Does an extrathoracic bronchial obstruction affect inhalation, exhalation or both
inhalation