Alveolar Ventilation

Question 1

Total lung capacity, functional residual capacity and residual volume can be measured using which techniques

Answer 1

Helium-Dilution

Nitrogen-washout

Body Plethysmograph

Question 2

How do you calculate Minute Ventilation or Total Ventilation

Answer 2

VT x RR

Question 3

How do you calculate Dead Space Ventilation

Answer 3

VD x RR

Question 4

How do you calculate Alveolar Ventilation

Answer 4

(VT – VD) x RR

Question 5

What is Dead Space Ventilation

Answer 5

air that never reaches the gas exchange areas

Question 6

What is Alveolar Ventilation

Answer 6

the rate at which new air reaches gas exchange areas

Question 7

The anatomic dead space can be determined by using _______method

Answer 7

Fowler’s

Question 8

What is Alveolar Dead Space

Answer 8

the volume of gas that enters unperfused alveoli per breath

Question 9

Physiologic dead space can be measured using _______ method

Answer 9

Bohr method

Question 10

What is the equation for Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

Answer 10

Px  = Fx × Ptot

Question 11

What is the alveolar gas equation

Answer 11

PAO2 = PIO2 – PACO2 / R

= FIO2 (PB – PH2O) – PACO2 / R

Question 12

Hypoventilation
always \_\_\_\_\_\_ (increase/decrease) the alveolar and arterial PCO2

Answer 12

increase

Question 13

Hypoventilation _______ (increase/decrease) Decreases the PO2 unless additional O2 is inspired

Answer 13

decrease

Question 14

True or False

Hypoxemia induced by simple hypoventilation is easy to reverse by adding O2 to the inspired gas

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is alveolar ventilation

Answer 15

the volume of fresh air entering the alveoli per minute or leaving the body per minute

Question 16

The size of a person’s lungs depends on

Answer 16

height and weight or body surface area, as well as on his or her age and sex

Question 17

What are the 4 standard lung volumes

Answer 17

tidal
residual
expiratory reserve
inspiratory reserve

Question 18

What are the 4 standard lung capacities

Answer 18

functional residual
inspiratory residual
total lung
vital

Question 19

What is tidal volume

Answer 19

the volume of air entering or leaving the nose or mouth per breath

Question 20

What controls the tidal volume

Answer 20

respiratory control centers of the brain

Question 21

What is residual volume

Answer 21

the volume of gas left in the lungs after a maximal forcedexpiration

Question 22

Which force determines residual volume

Answer 22

the force generated by the muscles of expiration and the inward elastic recoil of the lungs as they oppose the outward elastic recoil of the chest wall

Question 23

What is the expiratory reserve volume

Answer 23

the volume of gas that is expelled from the lungs during a maximal forced expiration that starts at the end of a normal tidal expiration

Question 24

Expiratory reserve volume is the difference between

Answer 24

he functional residual capacity (FRC) and the residual volume (RV)

Question 25

What is the inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 25

the volume of gas that is inhaled into the lungs during a maximal forced inspiration starting at the end of a normal tidal inspiration

Question 26

What force determines the inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 26

the strength of contraction of the inspiratory muscles, the inward elastic recoil of the lung and the chest wall, and the starting point

Question 27

What is the functional residual capacity

Answer 27

the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal tidal expiration

Question 28

What is the inspiratory capacity

Answer 28

the volume of air that is inhaled into the lungs during a maximal inspiratory effort that begins at the end of a normal tidal expiration (the FRC)

Question 29

total lung capacity

Answer 29

the volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inspiratory effort

Question 30

vital capacity

Answer 30

the volume of air expelled from the lungs during a maximal forced expiration starting after a maximal forced inspiration

Question 31

The nitrogen washout technique is used to determine

Answer 31

the person’s initial lung volume

Question 32

How is the initial lung volume calculated using the nitrogen washout technique

Answer 32

Total volume expired×% N2 =original volume of N2 in lungs then : Original volume of N2 in lungs×1.25=original lung volume

Question 33

helium dilution technique is used to determine

Answer 33

the functional residual capacity

Question 34

What is the formula used to determine FRC by the helium dilution technique

Answer 34

total amount of He before test = total amount of He at end of test: FHEi x Vspi =FHEf (Vspf +VLf)

Question 35

The body plethysmograph is a technique used to determine

Answer 35

functional residual capacity.

Question 36

The "anatomiic dead space" corresponds to which section of the respiratory system

Answer 36

the conducting region

Question 37

What is known as the physiological dead space

Answer 37

anatomic dead space plus the alveolar dead space

Question 38

What is the closing volume

Answer 38

The lung volume at which airway closure begins to occur