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My Respiratory > Anatomy of the Trachea, Bronchus, Lungs and Pleura > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Trachea, Bronchus, Lungs and Pleura Flashcards

1
Q

What is the extent of the trachea

A

from C6 (cricoid) to sternal angle of louis/T4-T5 IV Disc(carina).

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2
Q

Which muscle is posterior to the trachea

A

trachealis muscle

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3
Q

What is anterior to the trachea in the neck

A

thyroid isthmus, inf thyroid veins, sternohyoid/sternothyroid muscles

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4
Q

What is lateral to the trachea in the neck

A

Lat-common carotids aa, thyroid lobes, rec. laryngeal nerves (groove), inf thyroid aa

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5
Q

What is posterior to the trachea in the neck

A

esophagus

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6
Q

What is anterior to the trachea in the thorax

A

Manubrium sterni, thymus remnant, left brachiocephalic vein, brachiocephalic trunk, arch of the aorta, left common carotid aa, cardiac plexus

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7
Q

What is on the right side of the trachea in the thorax

A

pleura, right vagus, brachiocephalic trunk

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8
Q

What is on the left side of the trachea in the thorax

A

Lat-left rec. laryngeal nerve, arch of aorta, left common carotid and subclavian arteries.

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9
Q

The trachea is only in which mediastinum

A

superior mediastinum

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10
Q

The right main bronchi divides into how many seconday bronchi

A

3

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11
Q

The left main bronchi divides into how many seconday bronchi

A

2

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12
Q

seconday bronchi are also called ______ bronchi

A

lobar bronchi

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13
Q

tertiary bronchi are also called ______ bronchi

A

segmental bronchi

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14
Q

Which bronchus is shorter, wider and more vertical

A

Right bronchus

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15
Q

Which structure is the most distal end of the conducting region in the respiratory system

A

terminal bronchiole

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16
Q

Which arteries supplies the trachea

A

Inferior thyroid aa (thyrocervical trunk/subclavian), bronchial aa (mostly from thoracic aorta)

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17
Q

Which veins drain the trachea

A

Inferior thyroid veins

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18
Q

Which lymph nodes drain the trachea

A

adjacent nodes (deep cervical, paratracheal, tracheobronchial)

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19
Q

Which nerves innervate the trachea

A

Vagus, rec. laryngeal nerves, sympathetic

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20
Q

Which artery supplies the bronchial tree

A

bronchial artery

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21
Q

Which veins drain the proximal part of the lung/larger bronchi

A

Bronchial veins

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22
Q

Which veins drain the distal part of the lung/larger bronchi

A

pulmonary veins

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23
Q

what are the lymphatic drains for the bronchial tree

A

Bronchopulmonary, tracheobronchial nodes

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24
Q

The symphathetic in the cardiopulmonary plexus come from which vetebral level

A

T1-T4 postsynpatic

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25
Q

Parasympathetic for the bronchial tree results in what

A

bronchoconstriction, glands secretomotor

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26
Q

Sympathetic for the bronchial tree results in what

A

bronchodilator, inhibitory to alveolar glands

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27
Q

Which surgical procedure is used to help to establish airway in patients with upper airway obstruction or respiratory failure

A

Tracheostomy

28
Q

Which artery present in 10% of people can be damaged by a trachestomy

A

thyroid ima artery

29
Q

Which cavities are in the thoracic cavity

A

Two pulmonary cavities (right & left lung & pleurae)

Mediastinum (between pulmonary cavities – all other thoracic structures)

30
Q

The visceral and the parietal layers of the pleura meet at which structure on the lung

A

the hilum of the lungs

31
Q

What are the different parts of the parietal pleura

A

cervical
mediastinal
costal
diaphragmatic

32
Q

What are the 2 possible pleural recesses

A

Costodiaphragamtic

Costomediastinal

33
Q

At the midclavicular level the Lung &

Visceral pleura end at which rib

A

6th rib

34
Q

At the midclavicular level the parietal pleura end at which rib

A

8th rib

35
Q

At the midaxillary level the Lung &

Visceral pleura end at which rib

A

8th rib

36
Q

At the midaxillary level the parietal pleura end at which rib

A

10th

37
Q

At the paravertebral level the parietal pleura end at which rib

A

12th

38
Q

At the paravertebral level the Lung &

Visceral pleura end at which rib

A

10th

39
Q

where is the apex of the lung located

A

Root of the neck/Cervical pleura

40
Q

How many lobes are on the right lung

A

3

41
Q

How many lobes are on the left lung

A

2

42
Q

Which lung has the lingula

A

left lung

43
Q

The root of the lung contain which vessels

A

lung-pulmonary vessels, bronchial
vessels, lymphatic vessels, main bronchus,
nerves (pulmonary autonomic plexus, visceral
afferent nerves).

44
Q

Which lung is

A

Heavier, larger,

shorter & wider

45
Q

Which lung hilum as the bronchus superior to the artery

A

right lung

46
Q

the apex of the lung is located above which structures

A

clavicles and first rib

47
Q

The oblique fissure on the lungs corresponds to which vertebral level and which rib

A

T2

6th rib

48
Q

The horizontal fissure on the lung corresponds to which which rib

A

4th rib

49
Q

What is the route of lymphatic drainage from the visceral layer of the lungs

A
  1. Intrapulmonary vessels & nodes
  2. bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes
  3. tracheobronchial (carinal) nodes
  4. paratracheal nodes
  5. bronchomediastinal lymph trunk
  6. right thoracic trunk/thoracic duct
  7. systemic venous system
50
Q

Which nodes drain lymphatics from the parietal layer of the lungs

A

thoracic wall lymph nodes

51
Q

A few lymphatics from cervical parietal pleura of the lungs drains into which lymph nodes

A

axillary lymph nodes

52
Q

Which nerves supply the costal, cervical and peripheral diaphragmatic parietal pleura

A

intercostal nerves

53
Q

Which nerves supply the mediastinal and central diaphragmatic parietal pleura

A

phrenic nerves

54
Q

a normal air-filled lung should have what kind of sound upon percussion

A

resonant sound

55
Q

Which conditions can cause hyerresonant sound of the lungs upon precussion

A

Pneumothorax, Emphysema (COPD) & asthma (hyper-inflated chest).

56
Q

Which conditions can cause dull sound of the lungs upon precussion

A

no air (lung collapse), pneumonia/consolidation, pleural thickening, normal solid organs (liver, heart, spleen), pleural effusion (stony dullness), lung cancers

57
Q

An absent or decreased breath sounds can indicate what

A

Most pathologies of the lung and pleural cavity (absent in atelectasis/lung collapse)

58
Q

increased breath sounds can indicate what

A

lung fibrosis

59
Q

Which type of breath sound (vesicular or bronchial) is heard over most normal lungs

A

Vesicular breath sounds

60
Q

What is tension pneumothorax

A

accumulation of air in the pleural cavity

61
Q

What is chylothorax

A

accumulation of lymph in the pleural cavity

62
Q

What is hemothorax

A

accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity

63
Q

if there is right sided pleural effusion, what will you hear:

  1. over the lung
  2. below the lung
A
  1. faint breath sounds over the compressed lung

2. no breath sounds because of the fluid

64
Q

A thoracocentesis is done in which intercostal space along which anatomical line

A

8th or 9th intercostal space in mid-axillary line

65
Q

What layers of the chest wall does the needle pass through in thoracocentesis?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Deep fascia
  3. Superficial thoracic muscle
  4. External intercostal
  5. Internal intercostal
  6. Innermost intercostal
  7. Endothorasic fascia
  8. Parietal pleura

My Respiratory (11 decks)

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