Anatomy of the Trachea, Bronchus, Lungs and Pleura

Question 1

What is the extent of the trachea

Answer 1

from C6 (cricoid) to sternal angle of louis/T4-T5 IV Disc(carina).

Question 2

Which muscle is posterior to the trachea

Answer 2

trachealis muscle

Question 3

What is anterior to the trachea in the neck

Answer 3

thyroid isthmus, inf thyroid veins, sternohyoid/sternothyroid muscles

Question 4

What is lateral to the trachea in the neck

Answer 4

Lat-common carotids aa, thyroid lobes, rec. laryngeal nerves (groove), inf thyroid aa

Question 5

What is posterior to the trachea in the neck

Answer 5

esophagus

Question 6

What is anterior to the trachea in the thorax

Answer 6

Manubrium sterni, thymus remnant, left brachiocephalic vein, brachiocephalic trunk, arch of the aorta, left common carotid aa, cardiac plexus

Question 7

What is on the right side of the trachea in the thorax

Answer 7

pleura, right vagus, brachiocephalic trunk

Question 8

What is on the left side of the trachea in the thorax

Answer 8

Lat-left rec. laryngeal nerve, arch of aorta, left common carotid and subclavian arteries.

Question 9

The trachea is only in which mediastinum

Answer 9

superior mediastinum

Question 10

The right main bronchi divides into how many seconday bronchi

Answer 10

3

Question 11

The left main bronchi divides into how many seconday bronchi

Answer 11

2

Question 12

seconday bronchi are also called ______ bronchi

Answer 12

lobar bronchi

Question 13

tertiary bronchi are also called ______ bronchi

Answer 13

segmental bronchi

Question 14

Which bronchus is shorter, wider and more vertical

Answer 14

Right bronchus

Question 15

Which structure is the most distal end of the conducting region in the respiratory system

Answer 15

terminal bronchiole

Question 16

Which arteries supplies the trachea

Answer 16

Inferior thyroid aa (thyrocervical trunk/subclavian), bronchial aa (mostly from thoracic aorta)

Question 17

Which veins drain the trachea

Answer 17

Inferior thyroid veins

Question 18

Which lymph nodes drain the trachea

Answer 18

adjacent nodes (deep cervical, paratracheal, tracheobronchial)

Question 19

Which nerves innervate the trachea

Answer 19

Vagus, rec. laryngeal nerves, sympathetic

Question 20

Which artery supplies the bronchial tree

Answer 20

bronchial artery

Question 21

Which veins drain the proximal part of the lung/larger bronchi

Answer 21

Bronchial veins

Question 22

Which veins drain the distal part of the lung/larger bronchi

Answer 22

pulmonary veins

Question 23

what are the lymphatic drains for the bronchial tree

Answer 23

Bronchopulmonary, tracheobronchial nodes

Question 24

The symphathetic in the cardiopulmonary plexus come from which vetebral level

Answer 24

T1-T4 postsynpatic

Question 25

Parasympathetic for the bronchial tree results in what

Answer 25

bronchoconstriction, glands secretomotor

Question 26

Sympathetic for the bronchial tree results in what

Answer 26

bronchodilator, inhibitory to alveolar glands

Question 27

Which surgical procedure is used to help to establish airway in patients with upper airway obstruction or respiratory failure

Answer 27

Tracheostomy

Question 28

Which artery present in 10% of people can be damaged by a trachestomy

Answer 28

thyroid ima artery

Question 29

Which cavities are in the thoracic cavity

Answer 29

Two pulmonary cavities (right & left lung & pleurae) Mediastinum (between pulmonary cavities – all other thoracic structures)

Question 30

The visceral and the parietal layers of the pleura meet at which structure on the lung

Answer 30

the hilum of the lungs

Question 31

What are the different parts of the parietal pleura

Answer 31

cervical mediastinal costal diaphragmatic

Question 32

What are the 2 possible pleural recesses

Answer 32

Costodiaphragamtic | Costomediastinal

Question 33

At the midclavicular level the Lung & | Visceral pleura end at which rib

Answer 33

6th rib

Question 34

At the midclavicular level the parietal pleura end at which rib

Answer 34

8th rib

Question 35

At the midaxillary level the Lung & | Visceral pleura end at which rib

Answer 35

8th rib

Question 36

At the midaxillary level the parietal pleura end at which rib

Answer 36

10th

Question 37

At the paravertebral level the parietal pleura end at which rib

Answer 37

12th

Question 38

At the paravertebral level the Lung & | Visceral pleura end at which rib

Answer 38

10th

Question 39

where is the apex of the lung located

Answer 39

Root of the neck/Cervical pleura

Question 40

How many lobes are on the right lung

Answer 40

3

Question 41

How many lobes are on the left lung

Answer 41

2

Question 42

Which lung has the lingula

Answer 42

left lung

Question 43

The root of the lung contain which vessels

Answer 43

lung-pulmonary vessels, bronchial vessels, lymphatic vessels, main bronchus, nerves (pulmonary autonomic plexus, visceral afferent nerves).

Question 44

Which lung is

Answer 44

Heavier, larger, | shorter & wider

Question 45

Which lung hilum as the bronchus superior to the artery

Answer 45

right lung

Question 46

the apex of the lung is located above which structures

Answer 46

clavicles and first rib

Question 47

The oblique fissure on the lungs corresponds to which vertebral level and which rib

Answer 47

T2 6th rib

Question 48

The horizontal fissure on the lung corresponds to which which rib

Answer 48

4th rib

Question 49

What is the route of lymphatic drainage from the visceral layer of the lungs

Answer 49

1. Intrapulmonary vessels & nodes 2. bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes 3. tracheobronchial (carinal) nodes 4. paratracheal nodes 5. bronchomediastinal lymph trunk 6. right thoracic trunk/thoracic duct 7. systemic venous system

Question 50

Which nodes drain lymphatics from the parietal layer of the lungs

Answer 50

thoracic wall lymph nodes

Question 51

A few lymphatics from cervical parietal pleura of the lungs drains into which lymph nodes

Answer 51

axillary lymph nodes

Question 52

Which nerves supply the costal, cervical and peripheral diaphragmatic parietal pleura

Answer 52

intercostal nerves

Question 53

Which nerves supply the mediastinal and central diaphragmatic parietal pleura

Answer 53

phrenic nerves

Question 54

a normal air-filled lung should have what kind of sound upon percussion

Answer 54

resonant sound

Question 55

Which conditions can cause hyerresonant sound of the lungs upon precussion

Answer 55

Pneumothorax, Emphysema (COPD) & asthma (hyper-inflated chest).

Question 56

Which conditions can cause dull sound of the lungs upon precussion

Answer 56

no air (lung collapse), pneumonia/consolidation, pleural thickening, normal solid organs (liver, heart, spleen), pleural effusion (stony dullness), lung cancers

Question 57

An absent or decreased breath sounds can indicate what

Answer 57

Most pathologies of the lung and pleural cavity (absent in atelectasis/lung collapse)

Question 58

increased breath sounds can indicate what

Answer 58

lung fibrosis

Question 59

Which type of breath sound (vesicular or bronchial) is heard over most normal lungs

Answer 59

Vesicular breath sounds

Question 60

What is tension pneumothorax

Answer 60

accumulation of air in the pleural cavity

Question 61

What is chylothorax

Answer 61

accumulation of lymph in the pleural cavity

Question 62

What is hemothorax

Answer 62

accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity

Question 63

if there is right sided pleural effusion, what will you hear: 1. over the lung 2. below the lung

Answer 63

1. faint breath sounds over the compressed lung | 2. no breath sounds because of the fluid

Question 64

A thoracocentesis is done in which intercostal space along which anatomical line

Answer 64

8th or 9th intercostal space in mid-axillary line

Question 65

What layers of the chest wall does the needle pass through in thoracocentesis?

Answer 65

1. Skin 2. Deep fascia 3. Superficial thoracic muscle 4. External intercostal 5. Internal intercostal 6. Innermost intercostal 7. Endothorasic fascia 8. Parietal pleura