Anatomy of the Trachea, Bronchus, Lungs and Pleura Flashcards
What is the extent of the trachea
from C6 (cricoid) to sternal angle of louis/T4-T5 IV Disc(carina).
Which muscle is posterior to the trachea
trachealis muscle
What is anterior to the trachea in the neck
thyroid isthmus, inf thyroid veins, sternohyoid/sternothyroid muscles
What is lateral to the trachea in the neck
Lat-common carotids aa, thyroid lobes, rec. laryngeal nerves (groove), inf thyroid aa
What is posterior to the trachea in the neck
esophagus
What is anterior to the trachea in the thorax
Manubrium sterni, thymus remnant, left brachiocephalic vein, brachiocephalic trunk, arch of the aorta, left common carotid aa, cardiac plexus
What is on the right side of the trachea in the thorax
pleura, right vagus, brachiocephalic trunk
What is on the left side of the trachea in the thorax
Lat-left rec. laryngeal nerve, arch of aorta, left common carotid and subclavian arteries.
The trachea is only in which mediastinum
superior mediastinum
The right main bronchi divides into how many seconday bronchi
3
The left main bronchi divides into how many seconday bronchi
2
seconday bronchi are also called ______ bronchi
lobar bronchi
tertiary bronchi are also called ______ bronchi
segmental bronchi
Which bronchus is shorter, wider and more vertical
Right bronchus
Which structure is the most distal end of the conducting region in the respiratory system
terminal bronchiole
Which arteries supplies the trachea
Inferior thyroid aa (thyrocervical trunk/subclavian), bronchial aa (mostly from thoracic aorta)
Which veins drain the trachea
Inferior thyroid veins
Which lymph nodes drain the trachea
adjacent nodes (deep cervical, paratracheal, tracheobronchial)
Which nerves innervate the trachea
Vagus, rec. laryngeal nerves, sympathetic
Which artery supplies the bronchial tree
bronchial artery
Which veins drain the proximal part of the lung/larger bronchi
Bronchial veins
Which veins drain the distal part of the lung/larger bronchi
pulmonary veins
what are the lymphatic drains for the bronchial tree
Bronchopulmonary, tracheobronchial nodes
The symphathetic in the cardiopulmonary plexus come from which vetebral level
T1-T4 postsynpatic
Parasympathetic for the bronchial tree results in what
bronchoconstriction, glands secretomotor
Sympathetic for the bronchial tree results in what
bronchodilator, inhibitory to alveolar glands
Which surgical procedure is used to help to establish airway in patients with upper airway obstruction or respiratory failure
Tracheostomy
Which artery present in 10% of people can be damaged by a trachestomy
thyroid ima artery
Which cavities are in the thoracic cavity
Two pulmonary cavities (right & left lung & pleurae)
Mediastinum (between pulmonary cavities – all other thoracic structures)
The visceral and the parietal layers of the pleura meet at which structure on the lung
the hilum of the lungs
What are the different parts of the parietal pleura
cervical
mediastinal
costal
diaphragmatic
What are the 2 possible pleural recesses
Costodiaphragamtic
Costomediastinal
At the midclavicular level the Lung &
Visceral pleura end at which rib
6th rib
At the midclavicular level the parietal pleura end at which rib
8th rib
At the midaxillary level the Lung &
Visceral pleura end at which rib
8th rib
At the midaxillary level the parietal pleura end at which rib
10th
At the paravertebral level the parietal pleura end at which rib
12th
At the paravertebral level the Lung &
Visceral pleura end at which rib
10th
where is the apex of the lung located
Root of the neck/Cervical pleura
How many lobes are on the right lung
3
How many lobes are on the left lung
2
Which lung has the lingula
left lung
The root of the lung contain which vessels
lung-pulmonary vessels, bronchial
vessels, lymphatic vessels, main bronchus,
nerves (pulmonary autonomic plexus, visceral
afferent nerves).
Which lung is
Heavier, larger,
shorter & wider
Which lung hilum as the bronchus superior to the artery
right lung
the apex of the lung is located above which structures
clavicles and first rib
The oblique fissure on the lungs corresponds to which vertebral level and which rib
T2
6th rib
The horizontal fissure on the lung corresponds to which which rib
4th rib
What is the route of lymphatic drainage from the visceral layer of the lungs
- Intrapulmonary vessels & nodes
- bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes
- tracheobronchial (carinal) nodes
- paratracheal nodes
- bronchomediastinal lymph trunk
- right thoracic trunk/thoracic duct
- systemic venous system
Which nodes drain lymphatics from the parietal layer of the lungs
thoracic wall lymph nodes
A few lymphatics from cervical parietal pleura of the lungs drains into which lymph nodes
axillary lymph nodes
Which nerves supply the costal, cervical and peripheral diaphragmatic parietal pleura
intercostal nerves
Which nerves supply the mediastinal and central diaphragmatic parietal pleura
phrenic nerves
a normal air-filled lung should have what kind of sound upon percussion
resonant sound
Which conditions can cause hyerresonant sound of the lungs upon precussion
Pneumothorax, Emphysema (COPD) & asthma (hyper-inflated chest).
Which conditions can cause dull sound of the lungs upon precussion
no air (lung collapse), pneumonia/consolidation, pleural thickening, normal solid organs (liver, heart, spleen), pleural effusion (stony dullness), lung cancers
An absent or decreased breath sounds can indicate what
Most pathologies of the lung and pleural cavity (absent in atelectasis/lung collapse)
increased breath sounds can indicate what
lung fibrosis
Which type of breath sound (vesicular or bronchial) is heard over most normal lungs
Vesicular breath sounds
What is tension pneumothorax
accumulation of air in the pleural cavity
What is chylothorax
accumulation of lymph in the pleural cavity
What is hemothorax
accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity
if there is right sided pleural effusion, what will you hear:
- over the lung
- below the lung
- faint breath sounds over the compressed lung
2. no breath sounds because of the fluid
A thoracocentesis is done in which intercostal space along which anatomical line
8th or 9th intercostal space in mid-axillary line
What layers of the chest wall does the needle pass through in thoracocentesis?
- Skin
- Deep fascia
- Superficial thoracic muscle
- External intercostal
- Internal intercostal
- Innermost intercostal
- Endothorasic fascia
- Parietal pleura
