Anatomy of the Nasopharynx and Larynx Flashcards
What is contained in the Naso-pharyngeal tonsil
lymphatic aggregation
The floor of the naso-pharynx communicates with the oro-pharynx through which structure
pharyngeal isthmus
What is another name for the tubal tonsils
Torus tubarius
What is another name for the pharyngeal recess
fossa of Rosenmuller
What are the three structures in the lateral wall of the naso pharynx
Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube
A tubal elevation
Pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmuller)
The tubal elevation in the naso-pharynx contains which 2 structures
Tubal tonsil (Torus tubarius)
Salpingo-pharyngeal fold, Salpingo-palatine
What are the 2 main functions of the larynx
respiration and phonation
The larynx extend from which vetreba
C3-C6 (adults)
C1 to C4 (children)
How many cartilages are there in total in the larynx
9 (3 paired and 3 unpaired)
The pharyngeal hypophysis is a remnant of which embryological structure
Rathke’s Pouch
The Pouch of Luschka (Pharyngeal bursae) is a remnant of which embryological structure
Notochord
What are the 3 paired cartilages in the larynx
Arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform
What are the 3 unpaired cartilages in the larynx
thyroid
cricoid
epiglottis
What kind of joints are found in the skeleton of the larynx
synovial
Which cartilages of the larynx do not contain hyaline cartilage
epiglottis, cunieform
corniculate
What are the 2 main laryngeal joints
crico-arytenoid joint
crico-thyroid joint
What are the extrinsic laryngeal ligaments
Thyrohyoid membrane
Hyoepiglottic ligament
Crico-tracheal ligament
What are the intrinsic ligaments
Quadrate membrane
Conus Elasticus or crico-vocal membrane
vestibular ligament
vocal ligament
Which muscle of the larynx is needed to tense the vocal cords
cricothyroid muscle
Which muscle of the larynx is needed to abduct the arytenoid
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
Which muscle of the larynx is needed to adduct the arytenoid
Lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse and oblique arytenoid
Which nerve supplies the cricothyroid muscle
external laryngeal nerve
Which nerve supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except 1
recurrent laryngeal nerve
Which muscle of the larynx is needed for Elevation of larynx –
Thyrohyoid, mylohyoid
Which muscle of the larynx is needed for Depression of larynx –
Sternothyroid, sternohyoid
Which muscle of the larynx is needed for Opening inlet of larynx –
Thyroepiglotticus
Which muscle of the larynx is needed for Closing the inlet –
Aryepiglotticus
Which muscle of the larynx is needed to Relax vocal cords –
Thyroarytenoid and part of vocalis
What are the boundaries of the inlet of the larynx (anterior, posterior and on the sides)
Anteriorly – Epiglottis
Posteriorly – Interarytenoid fold of mucous membrane.
On each side – Aryepiglottic fold
Ligation of the external laryngeal nerve can result in what regarding the larynx
Slurred speech or speech difficulties
What three portions is the cavity of the larynx divided into
Vestibule of larynx (laryngeal vestibule)
ventricle of larynx (Sinus of Morgagni)
Infraglottic part
What is the function of the saccule of the larynx
secrete fluid to lubricate the ligaments in the larynx
What are the two folds of the larynx
vestibular and vocal folds
Which fold in the larynx is the true fold
vocal fold
Which muscle is contained in the vocal cords
vocalis muscle
What is the name of the space between two vestibular folds
rima vestibuli
What is the name of the space between two vocal folds
rima glottidis
the rima glottidis acts as an entry or exit valve
entry valve
the rima vestibuli acts as an entry or exit valve
exit valve
the upper part of the larynx has what kind of epithelium
Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium
the lower part of the larynx has what kind of epithelium
ciliated columnar epithelium
What is the nerve supply up to the vocal cords
internal laryngeal nerve
What is the nerve supply below the vocal cords
recurrent laryngeal nerve
What is the arterial supply up to the vocal cords
Superior laryngeal artery (superior thyroid artery)
What is the arterial supply below the vocal cords
Inferior laryngeal artery (inferior thyroid artery)
What is the venous drainage up to the vocal cords
Superior laryngeal vein (superior thyroid vein)
What is the venous drainage below the vocal cords
Inferior laryngeal vein(inferior thyroid vein)
What is the lymphatic drainage up to the vocal cords
Anterior superior group of deep cervical nodes
What is the lymphatic drainage below the vocal cords
Posterior inferior group of deep cervical nodes
What are the 4 processes involved in phonation
Expired air from lungs – loudness of voice
Vibrators – pitch of voice
Resonators – quality of voice
Articulators
Singer’s or teacher’s nodes is an injury to which structure in the larynx
vocal cords
paralysis of the superior laryngeal nerve causes anesthesia to which part of the larynx
superior laryngeal mucosa
