Respiratory Histology Flashcards
Which structures comprise the conducting portion of the respiratory system
Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles
Which structures comprise the respiratory portion of the respiratory system
Respiratory bronchioles
alveolar sacs
alveoli
Functions of the conducting portion of the respiratory system
Deliver air to respiratory portion
clean/filter air
moisten air
adjust air temp
Which structure does the filtration of inspired air
Vibrissae ( and mucociliary action
What moistens inspired air
humidity from mucus & blood vessels
What adjusts air temperature
exchange to/from blood vessels
What are the four layer of the conduction portion of the respiratory system
lining epithelium
connective tissue
supporting tissue
muscles
What kind of epithelium is in the conduction portion of the respiratory system
Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells
Apart from epithelial cells, which other type of cells are in the lining epithelium of the conduction portion of the respiratory system
Goblet cells
Immune cells are located in which layer of the conducting portion of the respiratory track
Lamina propria of the connective tissue
What are the types of supporting tissue in the conducting portion of the supporting tissue
Bone
cartilage
elastic fibers
What can cause the mucociliary clearance in the respiratory system be ineffective
Infections or damage to the endothelium
What kind of epithelium is in the anterior of the nasal cavity
Keratinized stratified Squamous
What kind of epithelium is in the posterior of the nasal cavity
Respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium)
What kind of epithelium is in the roof of the nasal cavity
olfactory epithelium
Which part of the nasal cavity contain vibrissae
Anterior (vestibule)
Apart from the roof of the nose, which other area has olfactory epithelium
Part of the superior concha
To be able to have regeneration of the sense of smell, stem cells in which nasal cavity epithelium proliferates
Olfactory epithelium
What are the 3 divisions of the pharynx
•Nasopharynx •Oropharynx •Laryngopharynx
Which part of the pharynx has stratified squamos epithelium
Oropharynx
Which type of epithelium does the larynx have
Respiratory epithelium Stratified squamous non keratinized
What kind of supportive tissue does the larynx have
Cartilage
What kind of muscle is found in the core of the vocal cord and what is it’s name
Skeletal muscle (vocalis muscle)
What kind of epithelium does the vocal cords have
stratified sqamous non-k epithelium
The trachealis muscle separates which two structures
Esophagus and trachea
What kind of epithelium does the trachea have
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
What kind of supportive tissues does the trachea have
hyaline cartilage
the seromucus glands of the trachea are in which layer
Submucosa
What are the 4 components of tracheal epithelium
1-Ciliated columnar cells
2-Mucus (Goblet) cells
3-Basal cells
4-Brush cells
5-Small granule (kulchitsky) cells
Which cells are neuro-endocrine cells found in trachea epithelium
Kulchitsky cells
Which cells in the tracheal epithelium act as sensory receptrs
Brush cells
What are the differences going from bronchus to bronchioles
Thinner
no cartilage
no mucus glands
Epithelial cells change from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to ciliated cuboidal cells,
Prescence of Club/Clara cell
Which cells in the conducting portion of the respiratory system have non-ciliated rounded or dome-shaped apical surface projection
Clara (club) cells
Which cells secrete a surface-active agent, a lipoprotein that prevents luminal adhesion
Clara (club) cells
True or false:
the height of epithelium increases as you move from conducting to respiratory portion of the respiratory system
False, the height decreases
Which structures are part of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts/sacs
Alveoli
Pores of Kohn are present in which structure
Alveoli
What are the two types of pneumocytes
Type I alveolar cells
Type II alveolar cells
What kind of epithelium covers Type I pneumocytes
very flat squamous epithelial cells
What is the main constituent of surfactant
Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)
Which cells are the progenitor cells for Type I pneomocytes
Type II pneumocytes
Which pneumocyte has microvilli and lamellar bodies
Type II
What does the interalveolar septum consist of
scattered fibroblasts and macrophages
- sparse extracellular matrix (ECM)
- elastic and reticular fibers (collagen) of connective tissue
Reticular fibers in the alveoli prevent what
collapse and excessive distention of alveol
True or false:
interalveolar septa are vascularized with a rich capillary network.
True
What is the blood air barrier comprised of
- the attenuated endothelial cell of the capillary,
- the two combined basal laminae,
- the attenuated type I pneumocyte,
- and the surfactant and fluid coating of the alveolus
