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My Respiratory > Mechanics of Breathing > Flashcards

Mechanics of Breathing Flashcards

1
Q

What is the relationship between pressure and volume

A

pressure and volume are inversely proportional

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2
Q

For air to move into the lung pressure should be _______ (below or above) atmospheric pressure

A

below

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3
Q

Air moves from a region of ______ pressure to region of ______ pressure

A

high to low

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4
Q

Lung has a tendency to _____

A

collapse

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5
Q

Chest wall has a tendency to ______

A

expand

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6
Q

Which pressure is an index of intrapleural pressure

A

esophageal pressure

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7
Q

True or false,

Intrapleural pressure is higher than alveolar and atmospheric pressure

A

False. it is lower than both

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8
Q

True or False

Gravity and posture affects pleural pressure

A

True

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9
Q

which muscle is the main muscle of inspiration

A

Diaphragm

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10
Q

Why is inspiration mostly affected when the diaphragm is paralyzed?

A

because the diaphragm is the main muscle of inspiration

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11
Q

Which muscles are the accessory muscles of inspiration

A

sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles

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12
Q

Which muscles are the accessory muscles of expiration

A

abdominal (rectus abdominus etc.) & internal intercostal muscles

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13
Q

What organ muscle or tissue initiates inspiratory effort

A

brain

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14
Q

an increase in thoracic volume results in a ______ in intrapleural pressure

A

decrease

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15
Q

Upon inspiration, transmural pressure ____

A

increases

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16
Q

Alveoli ____ (expand or collapse) in response to increased transmural pressure

A

Expand

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17
Q

During inspiration does alveolar pressure fall below or go above atmospheric pressure

A

Falls below

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18
Q

As you inspire does tidal volume increase or decrease

A

Increase

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19
Q

As you inspire does intrapleural pressure increase or decrease

A

decrease

20
Q

As you inspire does airflow become negative or positive

A

negative

21
Q

As you inspire does tidal volume increase or decrease

A

decrease

22
Q

As you inspire does transmural pressure increase or decrease

A

increase

23
Q

Lung volume ____ (increases or decreases) with increase in transpulmonary pressure

A

increases

24
Q

small volume increase is due to opening of ____ airways

A

proximal

25
Q

In which condition is the lungs more compliant: emphysema or fibrosis

A

Emphysema

26
Q

the slope of the pressure-volume curve in respiration is a measure of what

A

compliance

27
Q

When the lungs are inflated with saline is there less or more hysteresis

A

Less hysteresis

28
Q

Does a saline filled lungs have greater or less surface tension compared to an air filled lung

A

It has less surface tension

29
Q

When surface tension increases does the lungs collapse or expand

A

it collapses

30
Q

is pressure directly or indirectly proportional to radius

A

Indirectly proportional

31
Q

Which two factors aid the stability of the alveoli

A

Pulmonary surfactant

Alveolar interdependence

32
Q

Surfactant increase compliance or elastance

A

compliance

33
Q

Surfact keeps alveoli dry and hence prevents_____

A

pulmonary edema

34
Q

how can loss of surfactant lead to pulmonary edema

A

In the absence of surfactant there is increase in surface tension which
increases pressure in the alveoli and this
pulls water from pulmonary capillaries to alveoli

35
Q

At volumes above FRC, pressure is ______

A

positive

36
Q

At volumes below FRC, pressure is ______

A

negative

37
Q

There is minimal lung volume when the airway pressure is ____-

A

zero

38
Q

A _______ (negative/positive) pressure indicated the chest wall is trying to expand

A

negative

39
Q

At what volume does the relaxation pressure become of the chest wall become 0mmHg

A

75% volume

40
Q

there is a balance between elastic recoil and chest expansion at which point on the pressure-volume curve

A

at the function residual capacity at 0mmHg

41
Q

Will an increased or decreased radius decrease resistance

A

increased radius will decrease resistance

42
Q

Air flow is high when , gas density is ______ (high/low) and the tube radius _____ (large/small)

A

high

large

43
Q

transitional flow is seen at which point in vessels

A

branching points

44
Q

Which sized bronchi have the greatest resistance

A

medium size

45
Q

4 factors affecting airway resistance

A

lung volume

tone of bronchial smooth muscle

density & viscosity of inspired gas

chemical irritants

My Respiratory (11 decks)

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