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My Respiratory > Development of the Respiratory system > Flashcards

Development of the Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

Which germ layer forms the epithelium of the whole respiratory passage

A

Endoderm

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2
Q

Which germ layer forms the cartilaginous, muscular & connective tissue components of the larynx, trachea, and lungs

A

Mesoderm

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3
Q

The respiratory system begins development during which week of embryonic development

A

Week 4

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4
Q

Which wall of the foregut does the respiratory diverticulum (lung bud) arise from

A

Ventral wall of the foregut

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5
Q

An increase n which chemical upregulates the transcription factor for lung bud development

A

Retinoic acid

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6
Q

Retinoic acid upregulates which transcription factor in lung development

A

TBX4

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7
Q

Which layer of the foregut is TBX4 (needed for lung development) expressed

A

Endoderm

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8
Q

During which weeks is the critical time for lung development

A

25-28th week

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9
Q

The tracheoesophageal septum divides the forgut into what ventrally and what dorsally

A

The trachea ventrally and the esophagus dorsally

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10
Q

Which structure allows for the communication between the lung bud and the pharynx

A

laryngeal orifice

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11
Q

The muscle and cartilage of the larynx is derived from which pharyngeal arch(es)

A

4th and 6th pharyngeal arch

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12
Q

Transformation of the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches into which 3 cartilages form the adult shape of the larynx

A

Thyroid, cricoid and arytenoid cartilages

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13
Q

Three and false vocal cords originate from which embryonic structure

A

A pair if lateral ventricles

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14
Q

Improper formation of tracheoesophageal septum can result in which condition

A

Tracheoesophageal fistulas

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15
Q

What other two conditions result due to Tracheoesophageal fistulas

A

esophageal atresia & polyhydramnios

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16
Q

What can result due to esophageal atresia & polyhydramnio

A

excessive accumulation of saliva/ mucus in the nose and mouth, episodes of gaging, & cyanosis after swallowing milk, abdominal distension after crying, reflux of gastric contents into the lungs causes pneumonitis/pneumonia

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17
Q

At which week does the limb buds form the right and let main bronchi

A

5th week

18
Q

Which layer of the lateral plate mesoderm forms –parietal layer of pleural cavity

A

Somatic layer

19
Q

Which later of lateral plate mesoderm forms – visceral layer of pleura

A

Splanchnic layer

20
Q

Which condition presents with a honeycomb appearance on a radiograph

A

• Congenital bronchial cysts (bronchiectasis)

21
Q

What are the three period of lung maturation

A

Pseudo glandular period

Canalicular period

terminal sac period

alveolar period

22
Q

Which type of alveolar epithelial cells secrete surfactant

A

Type II

23
Q

babies born during which period of lung maturation cannot survive because respiration is impossible

A

pseudoglandular phase

24
Q

How long does the Pseudo glandular period

last

A

5-16th week

25
Q

How long does the Canalicular period last

A

16-26th week

26
Q

How long does the Terminal sac period last

A

26th week to birth

27
Q

How long does the Alveolar period last

A

8 month to childhood

28
Q

When does surfactant increase the most during embryonic life

A

Last 2 weeks before birth

29
Q

What is the function of surfactant

A

to prevent collapse of the alveoli

30
Q

Growth of which 2 structures after birth is responsible for the increase in size of the lungs

A

respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

31
Q

Absence of which substance leads to respiratory distress syndrome

A

surfactant

32
Q

Which two substances can be given to increase production of surfactant

A

thyroxine and cortisol

33
Q

The diaphragm develops during which weeks

A

5-6th week

34
Q

The central tendon of the diaphragm comes form which embryological structure

A

septum transversum

35
Q

The tendinous portion of the diaphragm comes form which embryological structure

A

Paired pleuroperitoneal membranes (somatic mesoderm)-

36
Q

The crura of the diaphragm comes form which embryological structure

A

Dorsal mesentery of the esophagus

37
Q

Myoblasts originating from somites at which cervical segments form the muscular components of the diaphragm

A

C3-C5

38
Q

What causes Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

Failure of one /both pleuroperitoneal membranes to close the pericardioperitoneal canal

Herniation of abdominal contents into the thorax

39
Q

Congentital diaphragmatic hernia are usually on which side of the body

A

left side

40
Q

What causes esophageal hiatal hernia

A

Congential shortness f esophagus which leads to portions of the stomach being in the thorax

41
Q

Pulomonary hypoplasia can be caused by which two conditions

A

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Bilateral renal agenesis

My Respiratory (11 decks)

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