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Respiratory > Structure of the lower respiratory tract > Flashcards

Structure of the lower respiratory tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main function of the lower respiratory tract

A

20m2 gas exchange area per lung

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2
Q

As the trachea descends where is it located in relation to the oesophagus

A

Anteriorly - slightly inclines to the right

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3
Q

Where does the trachea arise from

A

Lower border of the cricoid cartilage (continuation of the larynx)

To crania (T5)

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4
Q

What is the structure of the trachea

A

C-shaped rings (oval cross section)

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5
Q

What are the free ends of the C-shaped rings in the trachea supported by

A

Trachealis muscle

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6
Q

What is the histology of the trachea and bronchi

A

Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium intersped with goblet cells

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7
Q

What is the role of goblet cells in the trachea

A

Produce mucus form a functional muscocillary escalator, moving them up to be swallowed

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8
Q

How long is the R. main bronchus

A

1-2.5cm related to the R pulmonary artery

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9
Q

How long is the L. main bronchus

A

5 cm

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10
Q

What are the lobar bronchi named relevant to

A

The lobes of the lungs

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11
Q

What is the structure of the main bronchi

A

Cartilage rings completely encircle the lumen

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12
Q

What is the structure of the lobar and segmental bronchi

A

Cartilage is crescent shaped

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13
Q

What are the features of the bronchioles

A

Smallest airways

Do not contain any cartilage or mucus secreting goblet cells

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14
Q

How are respiratory bronchioles determined

A

Prescence of alveoli extending from their lumens

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15
Q

What is the role of club cells

A

Secrete surfactant lipoprotein

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16
Q

What is the role of surfactant

A

Instrumental in preventing small airways sticking together during expiration

17
Q

What are the cell types found in bronchioles

A

Type 1 pneumocytes
Type II pneumocytes
Alveolar macrophages
Basement membrane
Interstitial fluid
Capillary endothelial cells

18
Q

What is the role of type 1 pneumocytes

A

Pavement

Gas exchange

Squamous epithelial cells

More of them than type II

19
Q

What is the role of type II pneumocytes

A

Surfactant producers

Cuboidal epithelial cells

20
Q

Define acinus

A

Region of lung supplied by air from one of the terminal bronchioles

21
Q

Define ducts (bronchioles)

A

Short tubes with multiple alveoli

22
Q

Define Pores of Kin

A

Interconnection between alveoli

Respiratory (16 decks)

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