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Respiratory > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior border of the anterior triangle

A

Inferior border of the mandible

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2
Q

What is the lateral border of the anterior triangle

A

Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

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3
Q

What is the medial border of the anterior triangle

A

Sagittal line down the midline of the neck

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4
Q

How are the muscles in the anterior portion of the neck divided

A

Relation to the hyoid bone

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5
Q

Where are the suprahyoid muscles located

A

Superior to the hyoid bone

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6
Q

Where are the infrahyoid muscles located

A

Inferior to the hyoid bone

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7
Q

What bifurcates within the anterior triangle

A

Common carotid artery

Into external and infernal carotid branches

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8
Q

What can be found in the anterior triangle

A

Common carotid artery - external and internal

Internal jugular vein

Cranial nerves
- facial (7)
- glossopharyngeal (9)
- vagus (10)
- accessory (11)
- hypoglossal (12)

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9
Q

Name the suprahyoid muscles

A

Styloid

Digastric

Mylohyoid

Geniohyoid

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10
Q

Name the infrahyoid muscles

A

Omohyoid

Sternohyoid

Thyrohyoid

Sternothyroid

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11
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the anterior triangle

A

Midline of neck

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12
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the anterior triangle

A

Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

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13
Q

What is the superior boundary of the anterior triangle

A

Lower border of mandible

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14
Q

What main structures does the anterior triangle contain

A

Trachea

Larynx

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15
Q

What glands does the anterior triangle contain

A

Thyroid gland

Parathyroid gland

Submandibular salivary gland

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16
Q

What muscles does the anterior triangle contain

A

Suprahyoid

Infrahyoid

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17
Q

What arteries/veins does the anterior triangle contain

A

Common carotid - and terminal branches external and internal

External carotid artery

Internal jugular vein

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18
Q

What nerves does the anterior triangle contain

A

Facial (7)
Glossopharyngeal (9)
Vagus (10)
Accessory (11)
Hypoglossal (12)

Ansa cervicalis - fibres from C1-C3

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19
Q

What innervates the infrahyoid muscle

A

Ansa cervicalis

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20
Q

Define platysma

A

Very thin subcutaneous muscle deep to the skin of the neck

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21
Q

How do cervical vertebrae articulate with each other

A

Facet joints that are orientated obliquely - allows for a good range of flexion and extension

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22
Q

Describe the location hyoid bone

A

Slender bone situated anteriorly in the upper neck - inferior to mandible

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23
Q

What is the role of the hyoid bone

A

Helps keep the pharynx open

Provides attachment for several muscles in the neck and of the tongue

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24
Q

Describe the larynx

A

‘Voice box’

Composed of a ‘skeleton’ of small cartilages connected by membranes and small joints

Muscles attach to the laryngeal cartilages and move them - in turn move the vocal cords and allowing phonation

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25
Q

Where is the sternocleidomastoid attached

A

Sternum

Clavicle

Mastoid process - part of temporal bone

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26
Q

What is the sternocleidomastoid innervated by

A

Accessory nerve

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27
Q

How can the sternocleidomastoid act

A

Unilaterally

Bilaterally

e.g. both left and right muscles act together

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28
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the posterior triangle

A

Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid

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29
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the posterior triangle

A

Anterior border of trapezius

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30
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the posterior triangle

A

Clavicle

31
Q

What is the apex (superior) of the posterior triangle formed by

A

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

32
Q

What muscles does the posterior triangle contain

A

Muscles that move the head

33
Q

What artery/veins does the posterior triangle contain

A

Subclavian artery

Subclavian vein

External jugular vein - drains the scalp and face

34
Q

What nerves does the posterior triangle contain

A

Accessory nerve (11)

Roots of the brachial plexus

Cervical plexus (C1-4)

Phrenic nerve

35
Q

What are the bones and cartilages of the neck

A

Cervical vertebrae

Hyoid bone

Larynx

36
Q

What do the suprahyoid muscles form

A

Floor of mouth

37
Q

What happens when the suprahyoid muscles contract

A

Raise hyoid bone and larynx during speech and swallowing

38
Q

What is the role of the infrahyoid muscles

A

Draw the hyoid bone and larynx inferiorly during speech and swallowing

39
Q

What are the superficial infrahyoid muscles

A

Sternohyoid

Omohyoid

40
Q

What does the sternohyoid attach

A

Hyoid to sternum

41
Q

What does the omohyoid attach

A

Hyoid to scapula

42
Q

What are the deep muscles of the infrahyoid

A

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

43
Q

What does the sternothyroid attach

A

Sternum to thyroid cartilage

44
Q

What does the thyrohyoid attach

A

Sternum to the thyroid cartilage of the hyoid

45
Q

What is the thyroid gland composed of

A

Right and left lobes

46
Q

Where are the thyroid glands located

A

Lateral to the lower larynx and upper trachea

Lies deep to the sternothyroid muscle

47
Q

How are the two thyroid glands joined together

A

By the isthmus - lies anterior to the trachea

48
Q

What is the role of the thyroid glands

A

Produce hormones which play an important role in regulation of metabolic processes

49
Q

What regulates hormone secretion of the thyroid gland

A

Pituatory gland

50
Q

What is the arterial supply to the thyroid glands

A

Left and right superior thyroid arteries

Left and right inferior thyroid arteries

51
Q

What are the left and right superior thyroid arteries branches of

A

External carotid arteries

52
Q

What are the left and right thyroid arteries branches of

A

Thyrocervical trunks - branches of subclavian

53
Q

What is the additional artery some people have to the thyroid

A

Thyroid ima artery

54
Q

What veins drain the thyroid gland

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior thyroid veins

55
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there

Where are they located

A

4

Right and left superior and inferior

Posterior to thyroid gland

56
Q

What is the role of parathyroid glands

A

Produce parathyroid hormone - plays a role in calcium regulation

57
Q

What is the arterial supply to the parathyroid glands

A

Inferior thyroid arteries

58
Q

What is the function of the thyroid gland

A

One of the main regulators of metabolism

  • basal metabolic rate
  • gluconeogenesis
  • glycogenolysis
  • protein synthesis
  • lipogenesis
  • thermogenesis
59
Q

What is the innervation of the thyroid gland

A

Branches derived from the sympathetic nervous system

Nerves do not control the secretory function of the gland

Sympathetic - cervical ganglion

Parasympathetic - recurrent laryngeal nerve

60
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply

A

Into cranium and supplies the brain

61
Q

What does the external carotid artery supply

A

Several branches that supply the head and neck

Includes
- pharynx
- scalp
- thyroid gland
- tongue
- face

62
Q

Where does the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries occur

A

Where caratoid sinus

63
Q

Where are baroreceptors

What is there role

A

Carotid sinus

Constantly monitor arterial blood pressure

Visceral sensory information is relayed back to the CNS by glossopharyngeal nerve

Results in reflex responses that regulate blood pressure

64
Q

What forms the brachiocephalic vein

A

Subclavian vein

Internal jugular vein

65
Q

What does the external jugular vein drain

What vein does it join

A

Drains blood from scalp

Joins subclavian vein

66
Q

In the neck

What does the facial nerve supply

A

Platysma

67
Q

In the neck

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply

A

Pharynx - sensory

Carotid sinus - visceral sensory

68
Q

In the neck

What does the vagus nerve supply

A

Vital for normal speech and swallowing

Muscles of the pharynx (motor)

Larynx (motor and sensory)

69
Q

Where in the neck does the vagus nerve run

A

Between the internal jugular vein and internal carotid artery (above bifurcation)

Between internal jugular vein and common carotid artery (below its bifurcation)

70
Q

What is the carotid sheath

A

Facial sheath where the internal jugular vein, internal/common carotid artery and vagus nerve run

71
Q

In the neck

What does the accessory nerve supply

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

72
Q

In the neck what does the hypoglossal nerve supply

A

Motor to muscles of the tongue

Does not supply any structures in the neck but travels through it

73
Q

Where in the neck does the hypoglossal nerve run

A

Lies lateral to internal carotid artery

Deep to external jugular vein

74
Q

What is the root of the phrenic nerve

A

Descends through neck to enter the thorax to innervate diaphragm

Respiratory (16 decks)

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