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Respiratory > Hypoxia and Hypercapnia > Flashcards

Hypoxia and Hypercapnia Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypoxia

A

Low carbon oxygen of tissue components

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2
Q

What is hypoxemia

A

Ambient low-pressure oxygen environment

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3
Q

Blood gases for type 1

A

PaO2 = low (hypoxia)

PaCO2 = low/normal (hypocapnia/normal)

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4
Q

Blood gases for type 2

A

PaO2 = low (hypoxia)

PaCO2 = high (hypercapnia)

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5
Q

What is low PaO2

A

Hypoxia

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6
Q

What is high PaCO2

A

Hypercapnia

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7
Q

Define respiratory failure

A

Failure of gas exchange
- inability to maintain normal blood gases

Low PaCO2
- With or without a rise in PaCO2

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8
Q

What causes hypoxia

A

Mismatching of ventilation and perfusion

Shunting

Diffusion impairment

Alveolar hypoventilation

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9
Q

What are the causes of type 1 failure

A

Infective

Neoplastic

Congenital

Primary airway (pulmonary causes) - many types of respiratory problems cause this

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10
Q

What are the mechanisms of type 1 respiratory failure

A

Most pulmonary and cardiac causes produce this

Hypoxia

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11
Q

What are the mechanisms for type 2 respiratory failure

A

Lack of respiratory drive

Excess workload

Bellow failure

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12
Q

What are the causes of type 2 respiratory failure

A

Airway
Drugs
Metabolic
Neurological
Muscle
Polyneuropathy
Primary muscle disorders

Weak and under ventilate

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13
Q

What is PaO2 in type 1 respiratory failure

A

<8KPa

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14
Q

What is PaCO2 in type 1 respiratory failure

A

Acute - pneumonia, asthma

Chronic - fibrosing lung disease

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15
Q

Do you give O2 to type 1 respiratory failure

A

Yes

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16
Q

What is PaO2 in type 2 respiratory failure

A

<8KPa

17
Q

What is PaCO2 in type 2 respiratory failure

A

> 6.7KPa

18
Q

What are the reasons for type 2 respiratory failure

A

Acute - overdose, trauma

Chronic - COPD, neuromuscular

19
Q

Do you give oxygen in type 2 respiratory failure

A

Yes - certain cautions

20
Q

What is the type of respiratory failure dependent upon

A

Carbon dioxide

21
Q

What are the causes of hypercapnia

A

Metabolic disorders e.g. hyperthyroidism

Nervous system disorders

Stroke

COPD

Obesity

Respiratory (16 decks)

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