Structure of the Genome Flashcards
1
Q
What is the genome?
A
The entire hereditary information encoded in an organism’s DNA.
2
Q
What are the two parts of the genome?
A
Genes that code for proteins and other DNA sequences that do not code for proteins.
3
Q
How is the eukaryotic genome made up?
A
Mainly consists of non-coding sequences.
4
Q
What are the DNA sequences that code for proteins called?
A
Genes
5
Q
What are the three roles for non-coding DNA sequences?
A
- Regulate transcription by turning genes on/off
- Transcribed into mRNA (but not translated into a protein like tRNA and rRNA)
- Have no known function
6
Q
How can non-coding sequences regulate transcription?
A
By turning genes on/off as regions of DNA activate RNA Polymerase to bind to a coding region.
7
Q
What do coding sequences do?
A
Code for amino acid sequences in proteins.
