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Biology > Cellular Differentiation > Flashcards

Cellular Differentiation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cellular differentiation?

A

A cell expresses certain genes to produce protein characteristics for the type of cell.

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2
Q

What does cell differentiation do?

A

Allows a cell to carry out specialised functions.

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3
Q

What can happen to unspecialised cells?

A

They can undergo differentiation to become a specialised cell.

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4
Q

Is becoming a specialised cell reversible?

A

No

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5
Q

Name the unspecialised cells found in plants.

A

Meristems

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6
Q

What are meristems?

A

Regions of unspecialised cells in plants that can divide (self-renew) and differentiate.

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7
Q

Name the unspecialised cells found in animals.

A

Stem cells

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8
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Regions of unspecialised cells in animals that can divide (self-renew) and differentaite.

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9
Q

What are the two forms of stem cells?

A

Embryonic and tissue.

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10
Q

What are embryonic stem cells?

A

Found in the early stages of embryonic development.

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11
Q

What are tissue stem cells?

A

Found in tissues throughout the body.

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12
Q

Why are embryonic stem cells important?

A

They can differentiate into all the cell types that make up the organism - it is pluripotent.

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13
Q

What does pluripotent mean?

A

All the genes in the cells can be switched on so the cells can differentiate into any type of cell.

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14
Q

Why are tissue stem cells important?

A

They are involved in the growth, repair, and renewal of cells found in that particular tissue - they are multipotent.

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15
Q

What does multipotent mean?

A

The cells can differentiate into all of the types of cells found in that particular tissue type.

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16
Q

What do therapeutic uses of stem cells mean?

A

This involves the repair of damaged or diseased organs and tissues.

17
Q

An example of the therapeutic use of stem cells?

A

Corneal repair, or the regeneration of damaged skin.

18
Q

What are the research uses of stem cells?

A

They can be used as model cells to study how diseases develop or for drug testing.

19
Q

What are the ways stem cells are used in a lab?

A

They can self-renew under the right conditions which can show how cell processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and gene regulation work.

20
Q

What the ethical issues with embryonic stem cells?

A

They are useful as they can offer effective treatments for disease and injury. However, it involves the destruction of an embryo.

Biology (24 decks)

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