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Biology > Structure of DNA > Flashcards

Structure of DNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the full name of DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

What is held inside DNA?

A

All the genetic information for that cell.

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3
Q

What is the shape of DNA?

A

Double-stranded helix shape (twisted ladder).

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4
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

Subunits of DNA

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5
Q

What do nucleotides join together to form?

A

The two sides of the DNA molecule.

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6
Q

What do nucleotides consist of?

A

A phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base - just a base.

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7
Q

How many carbon atoms does the deoxyribose sugar have?

A

5 carbon atoms

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8
Q

Where are the carbons on the deoxyribose sugar with reference to the phosphate and base?

A

C1 is attached to the base and C4-C5 goes to the phosphate.

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9
Q

Where can free single nucleotides join onto the DNA?

A

At the 3’ end only.

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10
Q

What joins to thymine?

A

Adenine

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11
Q

What joins to guanine?

A

Cytosine

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12
Q

Describe the structure of the double-stranded helix.

A

Antiparallel

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13
Q

Why is the double helix antiparallel?

A

The nucleotides on either side of the structure run in opposite ways.

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14
Q

What type of bond holds together the base pairs?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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15
Q

What bonds hold together the sugar-phosphate backbone?

A

Sugar-phosphate bonds

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16
Q

What are the prime ends?

A

5’ end and 3’ end.

17
Q

What molecule is at the 5’ end?

A

Phosphate

18
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

19
Q

What type of cell possesses membrane-bound organelles (nucleus)?

A

Eukaryotes

20
Q

What type of cell doesn’t possess membrane-bound organelles (nucleus)?

A

Prokaryotes

21
Q

What type of cells has singular, circular chromosome and smaller circular plasmids?

A

Prokaryotes

22
Q

What type of cells has linear chromosomes and circular chromosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A

Eukaryotes

23
Q

What type of cell has a nucleus?

A

Eukaryotes

24
Q

Why is yeast a special example of a type of cell, and what type is it?

A

Eukaryote - it is a fungal cell that sometimes contains plasmids.

25
Q

Why must a strand of DNA be condensed?

A

To fit inside of the nucleus.

26
Q

What are molecules of DNA tightly coiled and packaged around?

A

Histones - bundles of protein.

Biology (24 decks)

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