Structure of a eukaryotic cell Flashcards
What is the function of the nucleus?
Stores genetic information
Structural support
Assembly of ribosome subunits
What is the function of Ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
What is the function of the endomembrane system
Rough ER
Protein synthesis and processing
What is the function of the golgi apparatus
Protein processing (eg glycosylation)
What is the function of the Smooth ER?
Lipid synthesis
What is the function of Lysosomes?
Digestion and recycling
What is the function of peroxisomes?
Oxidation of fatty acids,ethanol or other compounds
What is the function of vacuoles?
colouration , storage of oils , carbohydrates , water or toxins
What is the function of mitochondria?
Respiration and energy
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Production of ATPS and sugars via photosynthesis
Enables photosynthesis
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Allows things in and out of the cell as it is selectively permeable and helps maintain the cells environment
What is the function of the cell wall?
Protection and structural support
What is a eukaryote?
An organism whose cells are membrane bound and has a nucleus
List the Differences between plant and animal cell
Animal cells don’t have a vacuole
Plant cells do not have a cell wall
What is the structure of the cell surface membrane?
The membrane is the found around the outside of a cell and is made up of proteins and lipids
What is the structure of the nucleus?
The largest organelle in the cell. It is surrounded by a nuclear envelope consisting of two membrane layers. There are many holes in the envelope called nuclear pores
What is the structure of mitochondria?
Mitochondria add sausage shaped organelles sorrinded by two membrane layers. The inner one is folded and forms structure called Cristae
What is the structure of a lysosome?
Lysosomes are organelles containing digestive enzymes called lysozymes. These enzymes are separated from the rest of the cell by the membrane that surrounds the lysosome
What is the structure of ribosomes?
Ribosomes are small organelles not surrounded by a membrane (hence they are also in prokaryotes)
What is the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The endoplasmic reticulum is made of membrane that form a series of tubes in the cytoplasm of the cell. The membranes of rough endoplasmic reticulum are covered with ribosomes.
What is the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Similar to the rough ER but the membranes do not have ribosomes
What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus is a stack of flattened sacs, each surrounded by a membrane. Vesicles are continually pinched off the ends of these sacs
