ATP

Question 1

What is ATP?

Answer 1

ATP is the immediate source of energy in a cell

Question 2

What is ATP made up of?

Answer 2

ATP is made from the nucleotide base adenine combined with a ribose sugar and
three phosphate groups

Question 3

Where is energy stored and what sort of reaction releases it?

Answer 3

The energy is stored in high energy bonds between the phosphate groups and is released via hydrolysis reactions

Question 4

What is the structure of ATP?

Answer 4

The structure of ATP shows the basic components of a two-ring adenine, five-carbon ribose, and
three phosphate groups.

Question 5

Explain how ATP Carries energy?

Answer 5

When energy is needed by the cell, ATP is broken down to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and P (inorganic phosphate)
‒ In the hydrolysis reaction, a phosphate bond is broken and energy released to be catalysed by the enzyme ATP hydrolase
‒ ATP hydrolysis can be coupled to other reactions in the cell - the energy can be
used directly to make the coupled reaction happen (instead of being lost as heat)
‒ Released organic phosphate can be added to another compound (this is called
phosphorylation) which often makes the compound more reactive
‒ ATP can then be re-synthesised in a condensation reaction between ADP and P.
The enzyme ATP synthase catalyses it during both respiration and
photosynthesis.

Question 6

Name some uses of ATP?

Answer 6

• Biosynthesis
• Contraction
• Chemical activation
• Importing metabolites

Question 7

Name some uses of ATP 2?

Answer 7

• Active transport Na - K pump
• Cytoplasmic transport
• Flagellum movements
• Cell crawling
• Heat production

Question 8

What does ATP mean?

Answer 8

Adenosine triphosphate - it is a short term energy source

Question 9

How is ATP made?

Answer 9

ATP is made by condensing ADP molecules