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Biochem 1 > structure exam > Flashcards

structure exam Flashcards

1
Q

saturated or unsaturated fatty acid: lauric acid?

A

saturated

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2
Q

saturated or unsaturated fatty acid: myristic acid?

A

saturated

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3
Q

saturated or unsaturated fatty acid: palmitic acid?

A

saturated

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4
Q

saturated or unsaturated fatty acid: stearic acid?

A

saturated

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5
Q

saturated or unsaturated fatty acid: arachidic acid?

A

saturated

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6
Q

saturated or unsaturated fatty acid: oleic acid?

A

unsaturated

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7
Q

saturated or unsaturated fatty acid: linoleic acid?

A

unsaturated

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8
Q

saturated or unsaturated fatty acid: alpha-linoleic acid?

A

unsaturated

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9
Q

saturated or unsaturated fatty acid: arachidonic acid?

A

unsaturated

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10
Q

saturated or unsaturated fatty acid: eicosapentenoic acid?

A

unsaturated

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11
Q

saturated or unsaturated fatty acid: docosahexaenoic acid?

A

unsaturated

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12
Q

how many carbons are in lauric acid?

A

12 C

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13
Q

how many carbons are in myristicic acid?

A

14 C

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14
Q

how many carbons are in palmitic acid?

A

16 C

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15
Q

how many carbons are in stearic acid?

A

18 C

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16
Q

how many carbons are in arachidic acid?

A

20 C

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17
Q

how many carbons are in oleic acid?

A

18 C

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18
Q

how many carbons are in linoleic acid?

A

18 C

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19
Q

how many carbons are in alpha-linoleic acid?

A

18 C

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20
Q

how many carbons are in arachidonic acid?

A

20 C

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21
Q

how many carbons are in eicosapentenoic acid?

A

20 C

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22
Q

how many carbons are in docosahexaenoic acid?

A

22 C

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23
Q

how many double bonds are in oleic acid?

A

1

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24
Q

how many double bonds are in linolenic acid?

A

2

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25
Q

how many double bonds are in alpha-linolenic acid?

A

3

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26
Q

how many double bonds are in arachidonic acid?

A

4

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27
Q

how many double bonds are in eicosapentenoic acid?

A

5

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28
Q

how many double bonds are in docosahexaenoic acid?

A

6

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29
Q

what is another name for lauric acid?

A

coconut oil

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30
Q

what is another name for myristic acid?

A

coconut + palm oil

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31
Q

what is another name for palmitic acid?

A

palm oil

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32
Q

what is another name for stearic acid?

A

animal fat + some plants

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33
Q

what is another name for oleic acid?

A

olive oil

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34
Q

Examples of linoleic acid

A

corn, sunflower, safflower, nuts, seeds, meat, eggs

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35
Q

what is another name for alpha-linolenic acid?

A

flax, soy

36
Q

what is another name for arachidonic acid?

A

animals, eggs

37
Q

what is another name for eicosapentenoic acid?

A

fish + algae

38
Q

what is another name for docosahexaenoic acid?

A

fish, breast milk

39
Q

what does DHA stand for?

A

docosahexaenoic acid

40
Q

what does EPA stand for?

A

eicosapentenoic acid

41
Q

what does ARA stand for?

A

arachidonic acid

42
Q

what does ALA stand for?

A

alpha-linolenic acid

43
Q

where in the chain is the omega fatty acid in oleic acid?

A

n-9 (carbon 9)

44
Q

where in the chain is the omega fatty acid in linoleic acid?

A

n-6 (carbon 6)

45
Q

where in the chain is the omega fatty acid in alpha-linoleic acid?

A

n-3 (carbon 3)

46
Q

where in the chain is the omega fatty acid in arachidonic acid?

A

n-6 (carbon 6)

47
Q

where in the chain is the omega fatty acid in eicosapentenoic acid?

A

n-3 (carbon 3)

48
Q

where in the chain is the omega fatty acid in docosahexaenoic acid?

A

n-3 (carbon 3)

49
Q

what are the characteristics of saturated fatty acids?

A

NO double bonds

50
Q

what are the characteristics of unsaturated fatty acids?

A

double bonds

51
Q

monounsaturated fatty acids

A

ONLY one double bond

52
Q

polyunsaturated fatty acids

A

MORE THAN one double bond

53
Q

what is considered a short fatty acid?

A

2-6C

54
Q

what is considered a medium fatty acid?

A

8-12C

55
Q

what is considered a long fatty acid?

A

14-24C

56
Q

what are characteristics of long fatty acid chains?

A

very hydrophobic

57
Q

what does more double bonds mean for the fatty acid?

A

lower melting point + more likely to go rancid

58
Q

what does hydrogenation do?

A

increase melting point, increase shelf life, + produces trans fats

59
Q

what is a chylomicron?

A

large lipoprotein particles that transport dietary lipids from the intestine to other parts of the body

60
Q

what does a ‘very low density lipoprotein’ (VLDL) do?

A

transports triglycerides from the liver to other tissues

61
Q

what does a ‘low density lipoprotein’ (LDL) do?

A

transports cholesterol to tissues. bad for body

62
Q

cholesterol characteristics

A

multi-ring, 27 carbon structure. transported by lipoproteins. eliminated in feces

63
Q

what is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis?

A

HMG-CoA Reductase

64
Q

cholesterol purpose

A

precursor for steroid hormones, vitamin D3, bile salts

65
Q

examples of indispensible/essential amino acids

A

histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine

66
Q

examples of dispensible/non-essential amino acids

A

alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, serine

67
Q

examples of conditionally indispensible/essential amino acids

A

arginine, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, proline, tyrosine

68
Q

aromatic amino acids

A

contain rings

69
Q

examples of aromatic amino acids

A

phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan

70
Q

examples of sulfur-containing amino acids

A

cystine, cysteine, methionine

71
Q

examples of branched chain amino acids

A

valine, leucine, isoleucine

72
Q

examples of purely ketogenic amino acids

A

leucine + lysine

73
Q

examples of acidic amino acids

A

aspartic acid + glutamic acid

74
Q

examples of basic amino acids

A

histidine, arginine, lysine

75
Q

what is sucrose compromised of?

A

glucose + fructose

76
Q

what is lactose compromised of?

A

glucose + galactose

77
Q

what is maltose compromised of?

A

glucose + glucose

78
Q

basic amino acids mnemonic

A

HAL

79
Q

acidic amino acids mnemonic

A

AG

80
Q

purely ketogenic amino acids mnemonic

A

LL

81
Q

branched chain amino acids mnemonic

A

LIV

82
Q

sulfur-containing amino acids mnemonic

A

CCM

83
Q

aromatic amino acids mnemonic

A

PTT

84
Q

non-essential/dispensable amino acids mnemonic

A

GAS C GAGA PAT

85
Q

essential/indispensable amino acids mnemonic

A

PVT TIM HALL

Biochem 1 (11 decks)

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