Nutrition

Question 1

Estimated average requirements

Answer 1

Average daily intake level to meet requirement of HALF of health individuals in a particular age-gender group

Question 2

EAR acronym meaning

Answer 2

Estimated average requirements

Question 3

RDA acronym meaning

Answer 3

Recommended dietary allowances

Question 4

Recommended dietary allowances definition

Answer 4

Average daily intake level to meet requirement of NEARLY ALL healthy individuals in a particular age-gender group

Question 5

AI acronym meaning

Answer 5

Adequate intake

Question 6

UL acronym meaning

Answer 6

(Tolerable) upper intake levels

Question 7

Adequate intake definition

Answer 7

Estimates of nutrient intake by group of healthy individuals

Question 8

(Tolerable) upper intake levels definition

Answer 8

Highest average daily intake likely to pose no adverse health effects in almost all individuals in general population

Question 9

DRI acronym meaning

Answer 9

Dietary reference intake

Question 10

EER acronym meaning

Answer 10

Estimated energy requirement

Question 11

Estimated energy requirement definition

Answer 11

Average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in healthy adults of particular demographic groups

Question 12

What affects estimated energy requirement?

Answer 12

Genetics, metabolism, physical activity, behavior

Question 13

What do food labels estimate estimated energy requirement to be?

Answer 13

2000 kcal/day

Question 14

AMDR acronym meaning

Answer 14

Acceptable macronutrient distribution range

Question 15

Acceptable macronutrient distribution range definition

Answer 15

Range of intake associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing adequate essential nutrients

Question 16

Glycemic index

Answer 16

Measure of the effect of carbohydrates on blood sugar levels

Question 17

High glycemic index

Answer 17

Carbohydrates that break down quickly, releasing glucose into the bloodstream quickly

Question 18

Low glycemic index

Answer 18

Carbs break down slowly, releasing glucose into bloodstream slowly

Question 19

Do foods with low or high glycemic index have health benefits?

Answer 19

LOW

Question 20

Lower glycemic index characteristics

Answer 20

Slower digestion/absorption, lower insulin demand

Question 21

PDCAAS acronym meaning

Answer 21

Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scoring

Question 22

Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scoring definition

Answer 22

Measure of ability to provide the essential amino acids required from tissue maintenance

Question 23

What are the other ways that people refer to upper body obesity?

Answer 23

Android/“apple-shape”

Question 24

Upper body obesity

Answer 24

Excess fat located in central abdominal area

Question 25

Health risks associated with upper body obesity

Answer 25

Higher risk of hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease

Question 26

What are the other ways that people refer to lower body obesity?

Answer 26

Gynoid/“pear-shaped”

Question 27

Lower body obesity

Answer 27

Excess fat located in lower extremities around hips/gluteal area

Question 28

What are the health effects of lower body obesity?

Answer 28

Benign healthwise + more common in females

Question 29

Upper body obesity characteristics

Answer 29

Larger fat cells + more responsive to hormones

Question 30

Lower body obesity characteristics

Answer 30

More difficult to lose

Question 31

What are the other names for syndrome X?

Answer 31

Metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance syndrome

Question 32

Syndrome X

Answer 32

Associated with abdominal obesity + molecular signals from adipocytes

Question 33

What happens with syndrome X?

Answer 33

Increased risk of diabetes + cardiovascular disease

Question 34

What causes syndrome X?

Answer 34

Glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, + hypertension

Question 35

Chief cells

Answer 35

Produce pepsinogen + pepsin

Question 36

Parietal cells

Answer 36

Produce HCl + intrinsic factor

Question 37

Stomach metabolism

Answer 37

Pepsin digests proteins. Intrinsic factor aids in B12 absorption

Question 38

Where are chief cells and parietal cells found?

Answer 38

Stomach

Question 39

Beta cells

Answer 39

Produce insulin

Question 40

Alpha cells

Answer 40

Produce glucagon

Question 41

Pancreas metabolism

Answer 41

Produce bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid + produce digestive enzymes

Question 42

Gallbladder metabolism

Answer 42

Releases bile salts + bilirubin (BIL)

Question 43

Intestinal epithelial cells

Answer 43

Digestive enzymes bound to brush borders, absorption through epithelial