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Biochem 1 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Estimated average requirements

A

Average daily intake level to meet requirement of HALF of health individuals in a particular age-gender group

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2
Q

EAR acronym meaning

A

Estimated average requirements

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3
Q

RDA acronym meaning

A

Recommended dietary allowances

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4
Q

Recommended dietary allowances definition

A

Average daily intake level to meet requirement of NEARLY ALL healthy individuals in a particular age-gender group

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5
Q

AI acronym meaning

A

Adequate intake

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6
Q

UL acronym meaning

A

(Tolerable) upper intake levels

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7
Q

Adequate intake definition

A

Estimates of nutrient intake by group of healthy individuals

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8
Q

(Tolerable) upper intake levels definition

A

Highest average daily intake likely to pose no adverse health effects in almost all individuals in general population

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9
Q

DRI acronym meaning

A

Dietary reference intake

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10
Q

EER acronym meaning

A

Estimated energy requirement

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11
Q

Estimated energy requirement definition

A

Average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in healthy adults of particular demographic groups

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12
Q

What affects estimated energy requirement?

A

Genetics, metabolism, physical activity, behavior

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13
Q

What do food labels estimate estimated energy requirement to be?

A

2000 kcal/day

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14
Q

AMDR acronym meaning

A

Acceptable macronutrient distribution range

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15
Q

Acceptable macronutrient distribution range definition

A

Range of intake associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing adequate essential nutrients

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16
Q

Glycemic index

A

Measure of the effect of carbohydrates on blood sugar levels

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17
Q

High glycemic index

A

Carbohydrates that break down quickly, releasing glucose into the bloodstream quickly

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18
Q

Low glycemic index

A

Carbs break down slowly, releasing glucose into bloodstream slowly

19
Q

Do foods with low or high glycemic index have health benefits?

A

LOW

20
Q

Lower glycemic index characteristics

A

Slower digestion/absorption, lower insulin demand

21
Q

PDCAAS acronym meaning

A

Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scoring

22
Q

Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scoring definition

A

Measure of ability to provide the essential amino acids required from tissue maintenance

23
Q

What are the other ways that people refer to upper body obesity?

A

Android/“apple-shape”

24
Q

Upper body obesity

A

Excess fat located in central abdominal area

25
Q

Health risks associated with upper body obesity

A

Higher risk of hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease

26
Q

What are the other ways that people refer to lower body obesity?

A

Gynoid/“pear-shaped”

27
Q

Lower body obesity

A

Excess fat located in lower extremities around hips/gluteal area

28
Q

What are the health effects of lower body obesity?

A

Benign healthwise + more common in females

29
Q

Upper body obesity characteristics

A

Larger fat cells + more responsive to hormones

30
Q

Lower body obesity characteristics

A

More difficult to lose

31
Q

What are the other names for syndrome X?

A

Metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance syndrome

32
Q

Syndrome X

A

Associated with abdominal obesity + molecular signals from adipocytes

33
Q

What happens with syndrome X?

A

Increased risk of diabetes + cardiovascular disease

34
Q

What causes syndrome X?

A

Glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, + hypertension

35
Q

Chief cells

A

Produce pepsinogen + pepsin

36
Q

Parietal cells

A

Produce HCl + intrinsic factor

37
Q

Stomach metabolism

A

Pepsin digests proteins. Intrinsic factor aids in B12 absorption

38
Q

Where are chief cells and parietal cells found?

A

Stomach

39
Q

Beta cells

A

Produce insulin

40
Q

Alpha cells

A

Produce glucagon

41
Q

Pancreas metabolism

A

Produce bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid + produce digestive enzymes

42
Q

Gallbladder metabolism

A

Releases bile salts + bilirubin (BIL)

43
Q

Intestinal epithelial cells

A

Digestive enzymes bound to brush borders, absorption through epithelial

Biochem 1 (14 decks)

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