DNA Flashcards
what is the start codon?
AUG
what are the stop codons?
UAA, UAG, & UGA
genetic bases
adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
purines
adenine and guanine
pyrimidines
cytosine and thymine
watson + crick
DNA is a double-stranded helix with antiparallel strands and with bases linked by hydrogen bonding
phosphodiester bond
formed between carbon 5 and carbon 3 of adjacent sugar molecules in the DNA structure. helps connects nucleotides
what is the orientation of the 2 DNA strands?
parallel and antiparallel
DNA replication
step 1: DNA from DNA in nucleus
step 2: RNA from DNA
step 3: protein from RNA
hypotheses for DNA replication
semiconservative, conservative, and dispersive
helicase
unwinds DNA strands
RNA primase
sets up for the RNA primer
DNA polymerase III
adds nucleotides to the 3’ end of the RNA primer + elongates the DNA strand
DNA polymerase I
removes the old RNA primer + replaces it with DNA
DNA liagse
catalyzes the formation of the phosphodiester bond linking the okazaki fragments
mRNA
the message or direction on how to make a protein
tRNA
matches up amino acids with the RNA message
rRNA
binds the mRNA message
translation
amino acids are linked in codon specified order in mRNA + achieved by an adapter
post translation events
proteins are sent to the appropriate place where they are proteolysized, glycosylated, or phosphorylated
translation regulation
antibiotics work to block events in translation
chloromycetin
inhibits the formation of peptide bonds
erythromycin
inhibits the translocation of mRNA along ribosomes
neomycin
inhibits the interactions between tRNA and mRNA
streptomycin
inhibits the initiation of translation
tetracycline
inhibits the binding of the tRNA to ribosome
