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Biochem 1 > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

1
Q

what is the start codon?

A

AUG

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2
Q

what are the stop codons?

A

UAA, UAG, & UGA

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3
Q

genetic bases

A

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

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4
Q

purines

A

adenine and guanine

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5
Q

pyrimidines

A

cytosine and thymine

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6
Q

watson + crick

A

DNA is a double-stranded helix with antiparallel strands and with bases linked by hydrogen bonding

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7
Q

phosphodiester bond

A

formed between carbon 5 and carbon 3 of adjacent sugar molecules in the DNA structure. helps connects nucleotides

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8
Q

what is the orientation of the 2 DNA strands?

A

parallel and antiparallel

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9
Q

DNA replication

A

step 1: DNA from DNA in nucleus
step 2: RNA from DNA
step 3: protein from RNA

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10
Q

hypotheses for DNA replication

A

semiconservative, conservative, and dispersive

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11
Q

helicase

A

unwinds DNA strands

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12
Q

RNA primase

A

sets up for the RNA primer

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13
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

adds nucleotides to the 3’ end of the RNA primer + elongates the DNA strand

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14
Q

DNA polymerase I

A

removes the old RNA primer + replaces it with DNA

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15
Q

DNA liagse

A

catalyzes the formation of the phosphodiester bond linking the okazaki fragments

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16
Q

mRNA

A

the message or direction on how to make a protein

17
Q

tRNA

A

matches up amino acids with the RNA message

18
Q

rRNA

A

binds the mRNA message

19
Q

translation

A

amino acids are linked in codon specified order in mRNA + achieved by an adapter

20
Q

post translation events

A

proteins are sent to the appropriate place where they are proteolysized, glycosylated, or phosphorylated

21
Q

translation regulation

A

antibiotics work to block events in translation

22
Q

chloromycetin

A

inhibits the formation of peptide bonds

23
Q

erythromycin

A

inhibits the translocation of mRNA along ribosomes

24
Q

neomycin

A

inhibits the interactions between tRNA and mRNA

25
Q

streptomycin

A

inhibits the initiation of translation

26
Q

tetracycline

A

inhibits the binding of the tRNA to ribosome

Biochem 1 (5 decks)

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