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Biochem 1 > carbohydrates > Flashcards

carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

what are carbohydrates used for?

A

energy, storage of energy, + cell adhesion molecules

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2
Q

carbon-hydrogen-oxygen ratio in carbs

A

1 carbon : 2 hydrogen : 1 oxygen

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3
Q

monosaccharides

A

single sugar. subdivided by number of carbons

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4
Q

disaccharides

A

two sugars

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5
Q

disaccharide examples

A

maltose, sucrose, lactose

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6
Q

oligosaccharides

A

3-10 sugars

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7
Q

polysaccharides

A

more than 10 sugars

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8
Q

polysaccharide examples

A

starch + dextrin

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9
Q

3 carbon monosaccharide name

A

triose

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10
Q

4 carbon monosaccharide name

A

tetrose

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11
Q

5 carbon monosaccharide name

A

pentose

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12
Q

6 carbon monosaccharide name

A

hexose

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13
Q

9 carbon monosaccharide name

A

nonose

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14
Q

monosaccharide functional groups

A

aldehyde + ketone

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15
Q

glucose functional group

A

aldehyde aka aldose

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16
Q

fructose functional group

A

ketone aka ketose

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17
Q

stereoisomers

A

presence of chiral carbons

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18
Q

what is a chiral carbon?

A

a carbon w/4 different atoms/groups bonded to it

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19
Q

D-isomers

A

naturally occurring in carbs

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20
Q

hemiacetal

A

aldehyde reacts w/alcohol group to form acetal bond

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21
Q

hemiketal

A

ketone reacts w/alcohol group to form a hemiketal bond

22
Q

pyranose (ring structure)

A

6 member ring

23
Q

furanose (ring structure)

A

5 member ring

24
Q

anomers

A

ring structure can open + re-close allowing rotation at carbon #1

25
Q

what is another name for the rotation that occurs in anomers?

A

mutorotation

26
Q

alpha anomers

A

OH (alcohol) group drawn down on carbon #1

27
Q

what type of anomers does dextrose have?

A

mix of alpha and beta anomers. aka d-glucose

28
Q

beta anomers

A

OH (alcohol) group drawn up on carbon #1

29
Q

epimers

A

stereoisomers that differ in the position of a hydroxyl group at only one asymmetric carbon atom

30
Q

what type of glucose epimer molecule is altered at carbon #4?

A

galactose

31
Q

what type of glucose epimer molecule is altered at carbon #2?

A

mannose

32
Q

sucrose composition

A

glucose + fructose

33
Q

sucrose common food name

A

table sugar

34
Q

lactose composition

A

galactose + glucose

35
Q

lactose common food name

A

milk sugar

36
Q

maltose composition

A

glucose + glucose

37
Q

maltose common food name

A

malt sugar

38
Q

what is the name of the polymer of glucose?

A

glucosan

39
Q

starch common food source

A

cereals, potatoes, veggies

40
Q

amylose structure

A

non-branching (linear)

41
Q

amylopectin structure

A

found in plants. non-branching (linear) + branching isomers

42
Q

glycogen structure

A

non-branching (linear) + branching isomers. branching more common

43
Q

location of glycogen

A

liver + muscle

44
Q

function of glycogen

A

storage form of glucose

45
Q

cellulose structure

A

non-branching (linear), can’t break down

46
Q

insoluble fibers

A

decreases bowel transit time, gives stool “bulk”

47
Q

soluble fibers

A

protects against cardiovascular disease. gives feeling of “fullness” after eating

48
Q

inulin

A

polymer of fructose (fructosan)

49
Q

proteoglycans

A

GAG linked to core protein. “bottle-brush” appearance

50
Q

what is another name for proteoglycans?

A

mucosaccharides

Biochem 1 (10 decks)

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