acids/bases

Question 1

lewis acid

Answer 1

electron pair acceptor

Question 2

lewis base

Answer 2

electron pair donor

Question 3

strong acids

Answer 3

100% ionized (completely dissociated) in water

Question 4

weak acids

Answer 4

only a small % ionized (incompletely dissociated) in water

Question 5

if Keq is greater than 1, the reaction favors…

Answer 5

the product

Question 6

if Keq is less than 1, the reaction favors…

Answer 6

the reactants

Question 7

Le Chatelier’s Principle

Answer 7

if a chemical system in equilibrium is disturbed, the system will adjust to restore equilibrium

Question 8

what two variables alter equilibrium?

Answer 8

1. change in reactant/product concentration
2. change in temperature

Question 9

what does pH measure?

Answer 9

solution acidity

Question 10

pH equation

Answer 10

= -log [H+]

Question 11

pH of pure water

Answer 11

7

Question 12

body pH

Answer 12

7.4

Question 13

Henderson-Hasselbach equation

Answer 13

pH = pKa + log [conjugate base]/[acid]

Question 14

how does a buffer solution resist changes in pH?

Answer 14

by adding small amounts of either acid or base

Question 15

buffer solution constituents

Answer 15

1. a weak acid or weak base
2. the salt of a weak acid/base

Question 16

is water a good buffer?

Answer 16

no, it is a poor buffer

Question 17

buffers at equilibrium

Answer 17

the pH will change minimally with the addition of H+ or OH-

Question 18

what biological buffers help regulate pH in the human body?

Answer 18

bicarbonate, phosphate, + protein

Question 19

homeostatic range for blood pH

Answer 19

7.35-7.45

Question 20

pH acidosis

Answer 20

pH less than 7.35

Question 21

pH alkalosis

Answer 21

pH greater than 7.45

Question 22

chemical buffer systems

Answer 22

equilibrium bases. quickest and least permanent response. temporarily “tie up” excess acids + bases

Question 23

what are the 3 main systems chemical buffer systems use?

Answer 23

1. carbonic acid - bicarbonate
2. phosphate
3. protein

Question 24

respiratory mechanism

Answer 24

second to respond. removes CO2 + therefore H2CO3. respiratory center involved

Question 25

renal mechanism

Answer 25

slowest to respond + most permanent. takes hours to days. kidneys remove metabolic acids

Question 27

what buffer system is important in ICF + urine?

Answer 27

phosphate

Question 28

what buffer system is important in the ECF?

Answer 28

carbonic acid - bicarbonate

Question 29

carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

Answer 29

most significant buffering compound in blood

Question 30

what buffer system is important in ECF, ICF, + interacting with other buffer systems?

Answer 30

protein

Question 31

hemaglobin buffer

Answer 31

transports oxygen and acts as a pH buffer in the blood

Question 32

acidosis

Answer 32

excess addition of hydrogen ions to the body fluids. pH is decareased & H+ is increased

Question 33

alkalosis

Answer 33

excess removal of hydrogen ions from body fluids. pH is increased & H+ is decreased

Question 34

respiratory acidosis

Answer 34

CO2 increases, H+ increases, & pH decreases

Question 35

respiratory alkalosis

Answer 35

CO2 decreases, H+ decreases, & pH increases

Question 36

metabolic acidosis

Answer 36

H+ increases, pH decreases, CO2 increases

Question 37

metabolic acidosis compensation

Answer 37

exhaling more CO2

Question 38

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 38

H+ decreases, pH increases, CO2 decreases

Question 39

metabolic alkalosis compensation

Answer 39

exhaling less CO2