proteins

Question 1

amino acids

Answer 1

the building blocks of protein

Question 2

how many different amino acids are there?

Answer 2

20

Question 3

what is another name for ampholyte/amphoteric?

Answer 3

zwitterion

Question 4

polypepetide chain

Answer 4

protein chain of less than 40-50 amino acids

Question 5

what is another name for polypeptide chains?

Answer 5

residues

Question 6

when does a polypeptide become a protein?

Answer 6

when there are 40-50 or more polypeptides

Question 7

what kind of bond are peptide bonds?

Answer 7

covalent bonds

Question 8

peptide bond characteristics

Answer 8

partial double bond, uncharged but polar

Question 9

what type of isomer does fatty acids favor (cis/trans)?

Answer 9

cis favored

Question 10

what type of isomer does amino acids favor (cis/trans)?

Answer 10

trans favored

Question 11

primary structure of proteins

Answer 11

peptide bonds, connect 1 amino acid to another, short + no rotation

Question 12

secondary structure of proteins

Answer 12

regular repeating local structures. stabilized by hydrogen bonds. contain alpha-helix, beta-sheets + triple-helix

Question 13

tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 13

3-D structure formed by assembly of secondary structures

Question 14

quaternary structure of proteins

Answer 14

structure formed by more than 1 polypeptide chain. contains all bonds

Question 15

primary structure characteristics

Answer 15

sequence of amino acids. written left to right. starts with n-terminal amino acid + ends with c-terminal amino acid

Question 16

secondary structure characteristics

Answer 16

organized compact structure of primary proteins

Question 17

alpha-helix

Answer 17

spiral structure, tightly packed, polypeptide backbone, high tensile strength

Question 18

beta-sheets

Answer 18

polypeptide chain arranged side by side, hydrogen bonds, fibrous protein, pleated look, parallel/antiparallel structure

Question 19

triple-helix

Answer 19

3 polypeptide chains woven, hydrogen bonds

Question 20

examples of triple-helix

Answer 20

collagen! glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine

Question 21

tertiary structure

Answer 21

cross links between R groups of secondary amino acids in chain

Question 22

quaternary structure

Answer 22

folded proteins bind together to form dimer/trimers. 4 polypeptide chains

Question 23

what is the functional form of hemoglobin (quaternary structure)?

Answer 23

tetramer

Question 24

what are the bonds of the backbone + side chains of proteins?

Answer 24

covalent bonds

Question 25

what bond maintains secondary, tertiary, + quaternary structures?

Answer 25

non-covalent bonds

Question 26

hydrophobic AA

Answer 26

residues cluster in interior of globular proteins

Question 27

hydrophilic AA

Answer 27

face the exterior of a structure or toward water

Question 28

chaperones

Answer 28

proteins that assist the non-covalent folding/unfolding and the assembly/disassembly of other macromolecular structures

Question 29

protein turnover

Answer 29

constant synthesizing/degrading, allowing removal of abnormal or unneeded proteins

Question 30

ubiquitin-protease mechanism

Answer 30

proteins synthesized in the cell

Question 31

degradative enzymes

Answer 31

acid hydrolases of the lysosomes

Question 32

denaturation

Answer 32

disruption of secondary, tertiary, + quaternary proteins by heat/organics, acids/bases, heavy metal ions, + agitation