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Pathophysiology > Structure and function of the skin > Flashcards

Structure and function of the skin Flashcards

1
Q

What is Vitilago?

A

Pigment Disorder Associated with darker skin

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2
Q

Where is the site of immunoglobulin and complement deposition of skin disease?

A

In the basement membrane Zone

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3
Q

People that have albinism physiologically lack what?

A

Tyrosinase

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4
Q

People with Vitiligo lack or have a decrease in ________.

A

melanin

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5
Q

The _________ is often referred involved in disorders that cause bullae or blister formation

A

the basement membrane zone

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6
Q

The dermis has a main job of supporting ________ .

A

Nutrition

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7
Q

Dermal Dendrites are involved in what kind of process in the dermis?

A

wound healing, blood clotting, and inflammation

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8
Q

Name the immune cells within the dermis

A

Fibroblasts
mast cells
macrophages
dermal dendrites

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9
Q

Mast cells are strategically located at body interfaces such as the skin and the mucous membranes to interact with antigens. Which type of immunoglobulin hypersensitivity reaction do they have?

A

IGE

Mast cells have a prominent role in immunoglobulin E-Mediated Immediate hypersensitivity

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10
Q

What causes a keloid to form?

A

Excessive fibroblast activity.

Excessive Collagen formation

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11
Q

What are dermal dendrites?

A

Immune Cells

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12
Q

What are the building blocks of the epidermis?

A

Keritinocytes are the predominate cells of the epidermis

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13
Q

What do keritinocytes do?

A

They produce keratin
protect against UV damage
and are important in immunity

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14
Q

Melanin gets broken down into ______.

A

Melinosomes

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15
Q

Where do the cells in the epidermis come from

A

the basal layer

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16
Q

The basal layer has _______ dividing cells

A

mitotically

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17
Q

how does the subcutaneous collagen help to regulate body temperature

A

by constricting and dilating.

They dilate to let heat dissipate and constrict to conserve heat when cold

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18
Q

What type of immune cells are located in the subcutaneous layer

A

adiopocytes

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19
Q

What is lykenification

A

where the skin gets thicker from scratichingq

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20
Q

Give an example of a vesicle and how big are they?

A

herpes simplex, up to 1.0 cm

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21
Q

Wheal? Example?

A

a somewhat irregular relatively transient superficial area of skin edema
ex- mosquito bite, hive

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22
Q

Name the circumscribed superficial elevations of the skin formed by a fluid filled cavity within the skin layers

A

vesicle, bulla, pustule

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23
Q

What is a plaque? Example?

A

elevated lesion 1 cm or larger formed by a collection of papules

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24
Q

Nodule?

A

marble like lesion larger than .5cm and deeper and firmer than a papule

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25
Q

What is a papule? Example?

A

Elevated solid mass up to 1 cm. ex mole

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26
Q

What is a patch? Example?

A

Is a flat spot like a macule but it larger than 1 cm ex vitiligo

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27
Q

Describe a macule

A

small flat spot up to 1 cm like a freckle or petechia

28
Q

What is sebum and where does it come from

A

a lubricant, sebaceous glands

29
Q

Apocrine glands secrete what?

A

oil, no odor

30
Q

Keritinocytes produce a fiberous protein called

A

keratin, is essiential to the protective function of the skin

31
Q

______ is always growing and is made up of keratin

A

nails

32
Q

Eccrine glands secrete what?

A

sweat

33
Q

Sebaceous glands secrete ____, which causes acne

A

sebum

34
Q

______ is not always growing and is made of keratin.

A

hair

35
Q

langerhans cells are antigen presenting cells in the epidermis. What does that mean

A

The role that they play in the immune system is to grab the antigen cells and hold them up like a flag to initiate the immune response.

36
Q

What kind of cells provide sensory information

A

Merkel cells

37
Q

What cells link the epidermis to the immune system

A

langerhan cells

38
Q

What type of proteins are in the dermis

A

collagen, Elastin, and reticulum

39
Q

Why does the subcutaneous layer have a lot of fat cells

A

for fuel reserves

40
Q

name the functions of the subcutaneous layer

A

support
insulation
absorbs trauma
fuel reserves

41
Q

the subcutaneous layer is also called the

A

hypodermis

42
Q

Name the dermal appendages

A 
nails
hair
sebaceous glands
eccrine glands
apocrine glands
43
Q

the arterial vessels that nourish the skin are locates in which layer of the skin

A

subcutaneous

44
Q

the epidermis is composed of four types of cells, name them

A

keritinocytes,
melaninanocytes
langerhans cells
merkel cells

45
Q

what are melaninocytes (macrophages) and what do they do

A

make and ship melanin to the keritinocytes

protect against UV rays by absorbing and scattering UV rays

46
Q

What is the dermis made up of

A 
dermal dendrites
macrophages
fibroblasts
nerves
lymph vessels
collagen elastin reticulum
hair follicles
sebaceous glands
47
Q

What gives skin its strength

A

collagen

48
Q

What percent of your body weight is skin

A

20

49
Q

________ are different sizes and are what make skin different colors

A

melinosomes

50
Q

What are keloids

A

Big ugly scars found more in african americans, asians, and hispanics

51
Q

_________ produces a pigment called melanin which is responsible for skin color, tanning, and protecting against uv rays

A

Melinocytes

52
Q

Which type of cells within the epidermis are somosensory? meaning they have the synaptic ability associated with light touch, shapes, and textures

A

merkel cells

53
Q

_____ cells are associated with nerve cells and are part of the epidermis

A

merkel cells

54
Q

Where is the basement membrane zone located

A

between the dermis and the epidermis

55
Q

what is albinism

A

congenital absence of pigment

56
Q

Where do langerhan cells present the antigen to after they grab it

A

t lymphocytes

57
Q

Is there a cure for albinism and vitiligo?

A

no

58
Q

Pigmentary skin disorders involve the melanocytes. In some cases there is an absence of melanin production as in

A

albinism and vitiligo

59
Q

True or False

Rashes are long term?

A

false

60
Q

95% of the epidermis is made up of

A

Keritinocytes

61
Q

langerhan cells are involved in delayed type hypersensitivity reations (type 4)
What is the examples for this

A

poison ivy and dermatitis

62
Q

What is pruritis usually related to….as in what usually causes it

A

the inflammation process

63
Q

what is pruritus?

A

itching

64
Q

What is a big difference between a vesicle or bulla and a pustule

A

vesicles and bulla are filled with clear serous fluid and a pustule is filled with pus

65
Q

Give an example of a bulla and how big are they?

A

second degree burns larger than 1 cm

66
Q

give and example of a pustule

A

acne and impentigo

Pathophysiology (16 decks)

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