Structure and function of the skin Flashcards
What is Vitilago?
Pigment Disorder Associated with darker skin
Where is the site of immunoglobulin and complement deposition of skin disease?
In the basement membrane Zone
People that have albinism physiologically lack what?
Tyrosinase
People with Vitiligo lack or have a decrease in ________.
melanin
The _________ is often referred involved in disorders that cause bullae or blister formation
the basement membrane zone
The dermis has a main job of supporting ________ .
Nutrition
Dermal Dendrites are involved in what kind of process in the dermis?
wound healing, blood clotting, and inflammation
Name the immune cells within the dermis
Fibroblasts
mast cells
macrophages
dermal dendrites
Mast cells are strategically located at body interfaces such as the skin and the mucous membranes to interact with antigens. Which type of immunoglobulin hypersensitivity reaction do they have?
IGE
Mast cells have a prominent role in immunoglobulin E-Mediated Immediate hypersensitivity
What causes a keloid to form?
Excessive fibroblast activity.
Excessive Collagen formation
What are dermal dendrites?
Immune Cells
What are the building blocks of the epidermis?
Keritinocytes are the predominate cells of the epidermis
What do keritinocytes do?
They produce keratin
protect against UV damage
and are important in immunity
Melanin gets broken down into ______.
Melinosomes
Where do the cells in the epidermis come from
the basal layer
The basal layer has _______ dividing cells
mitotically
how does the subcutaneous collagen help to regulate body temperature
by constricting and dilating.
They dilate to let heat dissipate and constrict to conserve heat when cold
What type of immune cells are located in the subcutaneous layer
adiopocytes
What is lykenification
where the skin gets thicker from scratichingq
Give an example of a vesicle and how big are they?
herpes simplex, up to 1.0 cm
Wheal? Example?
a somewhat irregular relatively transient superficial area of skin edema
ex- mosquito bite, hive
Name the circumscribed superficial elevations of the skin formed by a fluid filled cavity within the skin layers
vesicle, bulla, pustule
What is a plaque? Example?
elevated lesion 1 cm or larger formed by a collection of papules
Nodule?
marble like lesion larger than .5cm and deeper and firmer than a papule
What is a papule? Example?
Elevated solid mass up to 1 cm. ex mole
What is a patch? Example?
Is a flat spot like a macule but it larger than 1 cm ex vitiligo
Describe a macule
small flat spot up to 1 cm like a freckle or petechia
What is sebum and where does it come from
a lubricant, sebaceous glands
Apocrine glands secrete what?
oil, no odor
Keritinocytes produce a fiberous protein called
keratin, is essiential to the protective function of the skin
______ is always growing and is made up of keratin
nails
Eccrine glands secrete what?
sweat
Sebaceous glands secrete ____, which causes acne
sebum
______ is not always growing and is made of keratin.
hair
langerhans cells are antigen presenting cells in the epidermis. What does that mean
The role that they play in the immune system is to grab the antigen cells and hold them up like a flag to initiate the immune response.
What kind of cells provide sensory information
Merkel cells
What cells link the epidermis to the immune system
langerhan cells
What type of proteins are in the dermis
collagen, Elastin, and reticulum
Why does the subcutaneous layer have a lot of fat cells
for fuel reserves
name the functions of the subcutaneous layer
support
insulation
absorbs trauma
fuel reserves
the subcutaneous layer is also called the
hypodermis
Name the dermal appendages
nails hair sebaceous glands eccrine glands apocrine glands
the arterial vessels that nourish the skin are locates in which layer of the skin
subcutaneous
the epidermis is composed of four types of cells, name them
keritinocytes,
melaninanocytes
langerhans cells
merkel cells
what are melaninocytes (macrophages) and what do they do
make and ship melanin to the keritinocytes
protect against UV rays by absorbing and scattering UV rays
What is the dermis made up of
dermal dendrites macrophages fibroblasts nerves lymph vessels collagen elastin reticulum hair follicles sebaceous glands
What gives skin its strength
collagen
What percent of your body weight is skin
20
________ are different sizes and are what make skin different colors
melinosomes
What are keloids
Big ugly scars found more in african americans, asians, and hispanics
_________ produces a pigment called melanin which is responsible for skin color, tanning, and protecting against uv rays
Melinocytes
Which type of cells within the epidermis are somosensory? meaning they have the synaptic ability associated with light touch, shapes, and textures
merkel cells
_____ cells are associated with nerve cells and are part of the epidermis
merkel cells
Where is the basement membrane zone located
between the dermis and the epidermis
what is albinism
congenital absence of pigment
Where do langerhan cells present the antigen to after they grab it
t lymphocytes
Is there a cure for albinism and vitiligo?
no
Pigmentary skin disorders involve the melanocytes. In some cases there is an absence of melanin production as in
albinism and vitiligo
True or False
Rashes are long term?
false
95% of the epidermis is made up of
Keritinocytes
langerhan cells are involved in delayed type hypersensitivity reations (type 4)
What is the examples for this
poison ivy and dermatitis
What is pruritis usually related to….as in what usually causes it
the inflammation process
what is pruritus?
itching
What is a big difference between a vesicle or bulla and a pustule
vesicles and bulla are filled with clear serous fluid and a pustule is filled with pus
Give an example of a bulla and how big are they?
second degree burns larger than 1 cm
give and example of a pustule
acne and impentigo
