Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology > Structure and Function of the Skeletal System Chapter 42 > Flashcards

Structure and Function of the Skeletal System Chapter 42 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Skeletal System

A
  • Support of the body
    • Protection of soft organs
    • Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
    • Storage of minerals and fats
    • Blood cell formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parts of the Skeletal System

A

Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton

Bones (Connective)
Cartilages (Connective)
Ligaments
Joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Axial skeleton-

A

Skull and bones that support it
Includes vertebra and ribs
80 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Appendicular skeleton-

A

Limbs

126 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many bones are there in the skeletal system?

A

206

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Connective Tissues-

Cartilages 3 Types

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hyaline (most important)

A

Ribs, sternum, vertebrae, Articulating surfaces of movable joints
Essential for growth
Withstands stress
Injury does not heal
May become scarred or calcified (may become bone)

Elderly people’s articulating cartilage may be worn down over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Similar to hyaline but more elastic
Flexible
Ear auricle, epiglottis, & larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fibrocartilage (dense)

A

Intervertebral Disks, knee menisci, symphysis pubis & some areas where tendons attach to bones

Shock absorber

Resistant to compression and shearing

Lets you move twist or bend (like spine)

has the greatest tensil strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do connective tissues get nourishment from?

A

synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cartilage is ________ so i doesn’t heal well.

A

avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Radiculopathy

A

radiating pain from a disc squishing a nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bone

A

Connective Tissue

  • Hard Tissue provides support and protection
  • Storage of Calcium and Phosphorus
  • has extracellular matrix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Periosteum

A

hard outer covering of a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

endosteum -

A

inner lining of periosteum on a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Compact bone – (aka cortical bone)

A

hard strong layer

Uniform thick and hard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Spongy bone – (aka cancellous bone)

A

at ends of long bones

Small needle-like 
pieces of bone
Many open spaces
Filled with marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Marrow cavity –

A

hollow in middle of long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Haversian System

A

Structure of compact bone

Rings of bone tissue with blood vessels and nerves in the center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bone Marrow

A

Red marrow – produces blood cells and clotting factors

Yellow marrow – stores fat

21
Q

Red marrow –

A
  • produces blood cells and clotting factors
  • Found in humerus, femur, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, pelvis
  • Produces RBC 2 million per second
22
Q

Yellow marrow

A

stores fat

Found in many bones

23
Q

Children have more _______ marrow and less ______ due to the fact that their bodies are still growing

A

more red , less yellow

24
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

the formation and development of blood cells.

25
Q

Bone Cells

A

Osteoprogenitor Cells

Osteoblasts

Osteocytes

Osteoclasts

26
Q

Osteoprogenitor Cells

A

Differientiate into several cell types

27
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone-forming cells - Alkaline phosphatase
Produce Type I collagen
Responds to Parathyroid Hormone
Produce Osteocalcin

(pull together osteoblasts, calcium and phosphate to lay down new bone)

28
Q

Osteocytes (directors)

A

Mature bone cells

tell osteoclasts and osteoblasts what to do

29
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone-destroying cells “bone-chewing”

Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium

30
Q

Bone remodeling is a process by both osteoblasts and osteoclasts

A

take down the old bone to lay down the new bone

Bone-remodeling units
Repairs microscopic injuries and maintains bone integrity

has 3 phases

31
Q

What are the three phases of bone remodeling

A

Phases

  1. Activation of the remodeling cycle
  2. Reabsorption
  3. Formation of new bone
32
Q

What element is necessary to have for bone remodeling

A

Vitamin D.

33
Q

When it pertains to bones, elderly people can develop ________.

A

Osteoporosis

34
Q

Calcitriol -

A

Form of Vitamin D
Promotes Osteoclast activity
↑blood Calcium

Produced by UV radiation

Best way to get vitamin d

helps increase the breakdown of bone.

35
Q

Bone breakdown = more _______ in the bloodstream that can be used later in _________.

A

calcium, bone formation

36
Q

Parathyroid consists of _____ glands

A

4

37
Q

Calcium Homeostasis

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A

TELLS TO BREAK DOWN BONES!

Secreted by Parathyroid gland to ↑blood Ca+

Stimulates Osteoclast→Ca+ release

Promotes Calcium resorption by kidneys

(Low blood calcium stimulates)

38
Q

Calcium Homeostasis

Calcitonin-

A

TELLS TO STOP BREAKING DOWN BONE!

Secreted by Thyroid gland to ↓blood Calcium
↓Osteoclast activity ↑Osteoblast activity
↑Excretion of Ca+ & Phosphorus in Kidneys

39
Q

Joints

A
  • Site where two or more bones meet
    (called articulations)

-Promote stability and mobility of the skeleton

40
Q

deposition means

A

deposit

41
Q

Joint classifications based on movement

A

Synarthroses

Synovial Diarthroidal

42
Q

Synarthroses

A

Immovable or limited movement

No Joint cavity

43
Q

Synovial Diarthroidal

A 
Freely movable (articulate capsule)
Joint Cavity
Containing synovial fluid

(can repair and heal but not well)

44
Q

What is the most complicated joint in the human body

A

the shoulder

45
Q

tendonitis

A

inflamed tendon that causes squeezing resulting in pain and reduction of mobility.

46
Q

Tendons

A

Strong and not elastic

Tendons connect muscles to bone

47
Q

Ligaments

A

connect bones to one another

Strong and not elastic

more pliable than tendons

48
Q

Tendinosis

A

Painful degradation of collagen fibers

49
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa
Skin over bone, skin over muscle, and muscle and tendon over bone
Caused by repeated trauma
Septic bursitis is caused by a wound infection

Pathophysiology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions